Cultivation Technique of Macrobrachium rosenbergii
(1) Cultivation Conditions. A small earthen pond should be specifically built for raising young shrimp. The location of the pond should ideally be in a sunny and sheltered area, close to the main shrimp farming zone for easy management. The pond should be rectangular and oriented east-west to maximize sunlight exposure. Each pond should cover an area of approximately 500 square meters, with a water depth maintained at around 1 meter. The structure must be sturdy, leak-proof, and capable of retaining water effectively. The bottom of the pond should have a slight slope to facilitate drainage. Two simple but effective inlet and outlet gates should be installed for water level control and water exchange. A conical mesh bag made from a 50-mesh sieve is placed at the inlet to prevent unwanted organisms like fish eggs from entering. At the outlet, a barrier made of 40-mesh sieve is installed to stop shrimp from escaping.
(2) Preparing for Seedling Stocking. Fifteen days before introducing juvenile shrimp, the nursery pond must be thoroughly disinfected. The disinfectant can be either quicklime or bleach. The recommended dosage is 250 grams per square meter for quicklime and 150 grams per square meter for bleach. During disinfection, a layer of about 0.5 meters of water is left in the pond. The disinfectant is mixed into a slurry and evenly spread across the entire pond to ensure full coverage. Afterward, plankton is introduced to promote natural food growth. Once the water becomes rich in nutrients, the water level is gradually increased to about 0.8 meters, resulting in a light green color with a transparency of approximately 35 centimeters.
(3) Stocking Density. The general stocking density is about 1,000 shrimp per square meter. However, if the pond is equipped with aeration systems or has good water flow, the density can be increased to between 2,000 and 3,000 shrimp per square meter. This ensures better oxygenation and reduces stress on the shrimp.
(4) Feeding Practices. The feed used is similar to that in regular ponds, mainly consisting of eggs and crushed pellets. In the early stages of stocking, 100 grams of eggs are fed per 10,000 shrimp, and the eggs are steamed, mashed, filtered, and fed three times daily. After three days, the feeding amount gradually increases and reaches about 200 grams per 10,000 shrimp by the tenth day, which means feeding 10 times over 10 days. By the twentieth day, the shrimp are slowly transitioned to powdered or broken feed suitable for larger prawns. This helps them adapt to their new environment and diet.
(5) Water Quality Management. Before stocking, the incoming water should be filtered through a 50-mesh sieve to prevent harmful organisms from entering the pond. The initial water level should be kept around 0.7 meters and gradually raised to about 0.9 meters as the shrimp grow. Water changes should be performed every three days starting from the seventh day after stocking to maintain clean and healthy conditions for the shrimp.
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