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Currently, there are numerous challenges in agricultural production, including unscientific fertilization practices, insufficient fertilizer input, imbalanced crop investment structures, and an overemphasis on yield at the expense of quality. These issues have led to misunderstandings in fertilizer application, where farmers often neglect the long-term effects on soil health and crop quality. As a result, the overall productivity and quality of crops have been negatively impacted. To address these problems, it is essential to promote new, science-based fertilization methods that can ensure sustainable and efficient farming.
One of the most important innovations is the soil-balanced fertilization technique. This method involves testing the soil to determine its fertility level and then combining this data with the specific nutrient requirements of the crops. By using organic fertilizers as a base, appropriate amounts and ratios of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrients are determined and applied directly to the crops. This approach represents a major shift in China's fertilization strategies, integrating modern agricultural technologies and scientific methods for more precise and effective nutrient management.
Expanding the use of organic fertilizers is also crucial. Farmers should be encouraged to build "three facilities" — toilets, livestock areas, and compost pits — to support the accumulation of organic materials. Efforts should be made to collect and decompose as much organic waste as possible, ensuring a steady supply of organic fertilizer for crops. Ideally, each mu (about 0.067 hectares) should receive over 1,500 kg of organic fertilizer. This not only improves soil structure but also helps maintain long-term land fertility and increase crop yields.
Another key technology is the use of specialized compound fertilizers tailored for specific crops. These fertilizers contain a balanced mix of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrients, designed to meet the unique needs of different crops. Compared to traditional fertilizers, they offer better nutrient ratios, longer-lasting effects, and higher efficiency. They help reduce waste and improve economic returns by increasing the utilization rates of nitrogen (from 20% to 30%) and phosphorus and potassium (from 20% to 40%). Typically, 50-60 kg per mu is recommended for optimal results.
High-efficiency bio-organic compound fertilizers are another promising solution. Developed under national research initiatives, this technology combines organic, inorganic, microbial, and synergistic components into a single product. It enhances nutrient absorption by up to 50%, increases grain and cotton yields by 10-20%, and boosts specialty crops by 20-30%. It’s ideal for green agriculture, improves soil health, and supports environmental sustainability.
Finally, the application of potassium and trace elements plays a vital role in crop nutrition. While potassium is essential for many crops, especially in dryland farming, other micronutrients like boron, zinc, and molybdenum are equally important. For example, fruit trees require boron to prevent issues like “flowering without fruiting.†A typical application might be 0.5-1.0 kg of boron per acre or foliar sprays with 100-200 grams of boron fertilizer mixed in 40-50 liters of water. Similarly, zinc and molybdenum are used in smaller quantities to support plant growth and development.
By adopting these advanced fertilization techniques, farmers can achieve higher yields, better quality, and more sustainable agricultural practices.
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