Winter wheat planting cultivation technique and fertilization method in 2017

In order to strengthen the scientific fertilization guidance for the main crops in autumn and winter, improve the efficiency of fertilizer utilization, and promote farmers' income and sustainable development of agriculture. Based on the characteristics of the main crops in autumn and winter, based on the results of the soil testing and formula fertilization project, combined with the implementation of the Ministry of Agriculture's â€œAction Plan for Zero Growth of Fertilizer Use by 2020â€, this study will be developed.

Winter wheat

(1) Irrigation winter wheat area in the North China Plain and the Guanzhong Plain. Including Shandong and Tianjin, south-central Hebei, south-central Beijing, north-central Henan, Shaanxi Guanzhong Plain, southwestern Shanxi.

Wheat cultivation techniques and fertilization methods for autumn and winter of 2017

Fertilization principle

In view of the excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer in winter wheat in North China Plain, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients is not balanced, the amount of base fertilizer is high, the area of â€‹â€‹one-time fertilization is increasing, the supply of nitrogen fertilizer is insufficient in the later stage, and the deficiency of trace elements such as sulfur, zinc and boron occurs frequently. With the problems of shallow tillage, poor water retention and fertilizer retention, the following fertilization principles are proposed:

(1) According to the soil fertilization results, the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer should be adjusted appropriately to increase the amount of potassium fertilizer; (2) the nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in different stages, and the proportion of application in the middle and late growth stages should be appropriately increased according to soil fertility, and the nutrient supply balance should be maintained throughout the growth period; (3) According to the soil fertility conditions, the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied efficiently; (4) the straw is crushed and returned to the field, the organic fertilizer is added, the organic-inorganic compound is promoted, and the soil water retention and fertilizer retention capacity is improved; (5) the importance of sulfur, zinc, boron, manganese, etc. Application of medium and trace elements; (6) For soils with acidification, salinization and compaction, it is necessary to improve the soil through scientific fertilization and tillage measures.

2. Fertilization recommended recommended formula

2.1 base chasing combined fertilization program recommended formula

15-20-12 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formulation. Fertilization recommendations:

(1) The production level is 400-500 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 24-30 kg/mu. From the start-up period to the jointing stage, combined with irrigation and topdressing urea 13~16 kg/mu; (2) the production level is 500-600 kg/ Mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 30~36 kg/mu, and the urea is 16~20 kg/mu in combination with irrigation in the jointing stage; (3) the output level is 600 kg/mu or more, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 36~42 kg/ Mu, from the period of the body to the jointing stage, combined with irrigation and 20-24 kg/mu of urea; (4) the production level of 400 kg/mu or less, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 18-24 kg/mu, and the combination of the rising period and the jointing stage is combined with irrigation. Urea 10 ~ 13 kg / mu.

2.2 One-time fertilization program recommended formula

25-12-8 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula. Fertilization recommendations:

(1) The production level is 400-500 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 38-48 kg/mu, which is applied as a base fertilizer at one time; (2) the production level is 500-600 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 48-58 kg/ Mu, as a base fertilizer for one-time application; (3) The production level is 600 kg/mu or more, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 58-70 kg/mu, which is used as a base fertilizer for one-time application; (4) The production level is below 400 kg/mu, and the formula fertilizer is recommended. The dosage is 30-38 kg/mu, which is applied as a base fertilizer at one time.

In the zinc-deficient or manganese-deficient areas, zinc sulphate or manganese sulphate may be applied in an amount of 1 to 2 kg/mu, and in the boron-deficient area, borax may be applied at 0.5 to 1 kg/mu. It is recommended to combine the "one spray three prevention" to spray the trace element water soluble fertilizer in the wheat filling period, or to spray the surface with 150-200 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 50 kg of urea to 50 kg of water per acre. If the base fertilizer is applied with organic fertilizer, the amount of chemical fertilizer can be reduced as appropriate.

(2) North China rain-fed winter wheat area. It includes the north of the Huaihe River in Jiangsu and Anhui provinces, and the southeastern part of Henan.

Fertilization principle

For the rain-fed winter wheat area in North China, the soil is dominated by Shajiang black soil, the soil fertility is not high, the available phosphorus is relatively low, and the lack of trace elements such as zinc and boron occurs frequently. The soil has shallow tillage and poor water and fertilizer retention capacity. And other questions, put forward the following principles of fertilization:

(1) According to the soil fertilization results, reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and increase the amount of phosphate fertilizer; (2) smash the straw to the field, increase the application of organic fertilizer, promote organic and inorganic cooperation, improve the soil water and fertilizer capacity; (3) attach importance to zinc, Application of trace elements such as boron and manganese; (4) Soils with problems of acidification, salinization and compaction should be improved by scientific fertilization and tillage measures; (5) Fertilizer application combined with green yield-increasing cultivation techniques.

2. Fertilization advice

2.1 base chasing combined fertilization program recommended formula

18-15-12 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formulation. Fertilization recommendations:

(1) The production level is 350-450 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 28-36 kg/mu. From the start-up period to the jointing stage, combined with irrigation and urea, 9-12 kg/mu; (2) the production level is 450-600 kg/ Mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 36-47 kg/mu, from the start-up period to the jointing stage, combined with irrigation and topdressing urea 12~16 kg/mu; (3) the output level is 600 kg/mu or more, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 47-55 kg/ Mu, from the start-up period to the jointing stage combined with irrigation and topdressing urea 16 ~ 19 kg / mu; (4) the production level of 350 kg / mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer 20 ~ 28 kg / mu, from the period of up to the jointing period combined with irrigation Urea 7 ~ 9 kg / mu.

2.2 One-time fertilization program recommended formula

25-12-8 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula. Fertilization recommendations:

(1) The production level is 350-450 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 39-50 kg/mu, which is used as a base fertilizer for one-time application; (2) the production level is 450-600 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 50-67 kg/ Mu, as a base fertilizer for one-time application; (3) The production level is 600 kg/mu or more, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 67-78 kg/mu, which is used as a base fertilizer for one-time application; (4) The production level is below 350 kg/mu, and the formula fertilizer is recommended. The dosage is 28-39 kg/mu, which is applied as a base fertilizer at one time.

(3) Winter wheat in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Including Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Shanghai, south of Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces south of the Huaihe River.

Fertilization principle

In view of the fact that the amount of organic fertilizer used in winter wheat in the Yangtze River Basin is small, the nitrogen fertilizer is too high, and the proportion of pre-application is large, and the shortage of trace elements such as sulfur and zinc occurs, the following fertilization principles are proposed:

(1) Adding organic fertilizer, applying straw to the field, combining organic and inorganic; (2) appropriately reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, adjusting the proportion of base fertilizer and topdressing, and reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage; (3) Phosphorus-deficient soil should be appropriately applied or stabilized Phosphate fertilizer; effective phosphorus-rich soil, appropriate reduction of phosphorus fertilizer application; (4) fertilizer application combined with green yield increase and efficiency cultivation techniques. According to the different varieties and quality of wheat, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and the proportion of base chasing should be adjusted appropriately. Strong medium gluten wheat should increase the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and the proportion of late application.

2. Fertilization advice

2.1 Medium and low concentration formula fertilization program recommended formula 12-10-8 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula. Fertilization recommendations:

(1) The production level is 300-400 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 34-45 kg/mu. The period from the start-up period to the jointing stage is combined with irrigation to apply urea 9-12 kg/mu; (2) the production level is 400-550 kg/ Mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 45-62 kg/mu, from the start-up period to the jointing stage, combined with irrigation and topdressing urea 12~17 kg/mu; (3) the output level is 550 kg/mu or more, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 62-74 kg/ Mu, from the period of the body to the jointing stage, combined with irrigation and urea, 17-20 kg/mu; (4) the output level of 300 kg/mu or less, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 23-34 kg/mu, and the combination of the rising period and the jointing stage Urea 6 ~ 9 kg / mu.

2.2 High-concentration formula fertilization program recommended formula

18-15-12 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formulation. Fertilization recommendations:

(1) The production level is 300-400 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 23-30 kg/mu. From the start-up period to the jointing stage, combined with irrigation and urea, 9-12 kg/mu; (2) the production level is 400-550 kg/ Mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 30~42 kg/mu, and the urea is 12~17 kg/mu in combination with irrigation in the jointing stage; (3) the production level is above 550 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 42~49 kg/ Mu, from the start-up period to the jointing stage combined with irrigation and topdressing urea 17 ~ 20 kg / mu; (4) the production level of 300 kg / mu or less, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer 15 ~ 23 kg / mu, from the body to the jointing period combined with irrigation Urea 6 ~ 9 kg / mu.

In the sulfur-deficient area, sulfur can be applied at a rate of 2 kg/mu. If other sulfur-containing fertilizers are used, the amount of sulfur can be reduced. In areas where zinc deficiency or manganese deficiency occurs, zinc sulfate or manganese sulfate should be applied 1-2 kg/g according to the situation. mu. It is advocated to combine the â€œone spray and three preventionâ€ to spray the trace element foliar fertilizer in the grain filling stage of wheat, or to spray the surface with 150-200 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 50 kg of urea to 50 kg of water per acre.

(4) Rain-fed and dry-crop winter wheat area in the northwest. Including central Shanxi, northwestern Shaanxi, western Henan, northern Ningxia, and eastern Gansu.

Fertilization principle

In view of the low soil organic matter content, poor water and fertilizer retention capacity, poor winter wheat growth season, difficult spring fertilizer application and insufficient application of organic fertilizer, the following fertilization principles are proposed:

(1) Determine the amount of base fertilizer according to soil fertility and soil water storage condition; adhere to the fertilization policy of â€œcultivating fertilizerâ€, â€œsuitable nitrogen, stabilize phosphorus, and supplement microâ€; (2) increase the application of organic fertilizer, promote organic and inorganic cooperation and appropriate amount of straw Tian; (3) mainly based on formula fertilizers; (4) pay attention to the combined application of trace element fertilizers such as manganese and zinc; (5) fertilizer application should be combined with water-saving and high-yield cultivation techniques.

2. Fertilization recommended recommended formula

23-14-8 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formulation. Fertilization recommendations:

(1) The production level is 250-350 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 24-33 kg/mu, which is used as a base fertilizer for one-time application; (2) the production level is 350-500 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 33-48 kg/ Mu, as a base fertilizer for one-time application; (3) the production level of 500 kg / mu or more, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer 48 ~ 57 kg / mu, as a base fertilizer for one-time application; (4) the production level of 250 kg / mu, formula fertilizer recommended The dosage is 14-24 kg/mu, which is applied as a base fertilizer at one time.

The farmer's fertilizer is 2 to 3 square meters/mu. High chlorine-containing fertilizers are banned to prevent the poisoning of chlorine-containing fertilizers on wheat seedlings. In areas where zinc deficiency or manganese deficiency occurs, zinc sulfate or manganese sulfate is applied at a rate of 1 to 2 kg/mu depending on the situation. It is advocated to combine the â€œone spray and three preventionâ€ to spray the trace element foliar fertilizer in the grain filling stage of wheat, or to spray the surface with 150-200 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 50 kg of urea to 50 kg of water per acre.

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