Rice smut disease control technology
Rice smut is one of the main panicle diseases in the rice production area. The disease began to increase in the past decade, and the damage increased year by year. Rice smut disease not only reduces rice yield, but it also seriously affects food safety due to pathogenic bacteria.
First, the symptoms of damage
Occurs only in the panicle. After the bacteria invaded the grain, a mycelial block was formed in the glume and the mycelium was gradually enlarged after destroying the internal tissues of the diseased granules. The yellowish-green, massive spore seats were first exposed from the joints of the inner and outer glumes. After the transformation into a dark green or olive, wrapped glume, nearly spherical, the volume up to several times the number of tablets. Finally, the surface of the sporozoite was cracked and scattered with dark green powdery chlamydospore. Cut the diseased grains, the center is a white fleshy piece composed of mycelium tissue, the periphery can be divided into 3 layers: the outer layer is the earliest mature chlamydospore, dark green; the middle is the hyphae and gradually mature chlamydospore, orange yellow The inner layer is a radial mycelium and an emerging chlamydospore, pale yellow. At the later stage of disease, some spore seats can produce 2 to 4 black, slightly flat, hard sclerotia on both sides of the spore seat. Sclerotia easily fall off in winter in the fields.
Second, the law of transmission and incidence
Microspores and ascospores were initially infested. The temperature of 24-32 °C bacteria developed well, 26-28 °C optimum, below 12 °C or higher than 36 °C can not grow. In the heading stage of rice, the disease is prone to occur in case of moderate temperature and rainy weather. Excessive fertilization, growth of green, rice fields too late to prone to this disease. Different rice varieties, the degree of infection and the incidence is also different, the incidence of normal hybrid rice is more important than conventional rice, two-line hybrid rice incidence is heavier than the three-line hybrid rice, the incidence of medium and late rice is more important than early rice, the incidence of indica rice is more important than indica rice. The bacteria overwintered with the chlamydospores that fell into the soil sclerotia or attached to the seeds. The sclerotia of the next year produces chlamydospores, which are regenerated from chlamydospore
Third, control methods
1. The selection of high-yield and disease-resistant varieties: the occurrence of common panicle-type and early-maturing varieties is relatively light; the occurrence of dense panicle-type and late-maturing varieties is relatively heavy.
2, removal of sickness: heavy field crops after the harvest, deep turning, so that sclerotium and rice balls decay in the soil, before spring sowing, clean up the field debris, in order to reduce the bacteria source.
3, scientific and rational fertilization: Field fertilization conditions should be based on farmyard manure, organic fertilizer, NPK combined use, not too late to apply nitrogen fertilizer.
4, scientific management of water: Datian tube water according to the characteristics of rice growth and scientific water management, that is, shallow water planting hoe, inch water back to green, thin water rake, inch water promote the ear, moist and strong seeds.
5, chemical control: in rice before the heading period and full heading period of 40% sclerotinia mu 100g or 20% Jinggangmycin 100 grams of water 60 kg uniform spray control of rice smut twice.
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