Spring chicken layer "warm sensation" Wang production management efficiency
The "warm sensation" of a layer of chicken is a mild type of chicken cold. About 80% of infectious diseases in poultry diseases and 20% of ordinary diseases; in infectious diseases, viral diseases account for 80%, bacterial and parasitic infections account for 20%; viral diseases, mild influenza and atypical Newcastle disease accounts for 80% and other viral diseases account for 20%. With the increase in the number of intensive chicken farms and the ever-increasing scale, the pollution has become more serious. In recent years, the control of mild influenza and atypical Newcastle disease in poultry has been increasingly difficult. This disease is used as the first killer of poultry to poultry. The development of the industry has caused huge economic losses.
Prevalence
Moderate chicken colds are mostly caused by the H9 subtype of the low pathogenic strain, and can be prevalent throughout the year. The mortality rate is very low, and it is usually sporadic death, but it is high in the spring. Since the spring and summer season is the off-season production period, Therefore, the laying rate of laying hens is often reduced significantly.
High risk, rapid onset, high mortality, and unrecoverability: Egg disease after egg production is high, causing damage to the ovary of laying hens, even if the laying hens survive, their egg production will decline, or even become obsolete.
The condition is complex, and cases of concurrent, secondary and mixed infections are more common: Newcastle disease and infectious bursal disease, Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis, Newcastle disease and bird flu, Newcastle disease and E. coli disease are common mixed infections. Newcastle disease and chronic respiratory diseases are difficult to diagnose and difficult to treat.
Widespread, widespread transmission methods and methods: global outbreaks; rapid spread (short-term proliferation, successive outbreaks), mostly epidemic, causing widespread killing of intensive production.
Easily lead to immunosuppression, resulting in failure of immunity, or outbreak of disease during immunization. In addition to their own direct economic loss of death or loss of productive performance of poultry, more important is indirect loss, such as increased susceptibility to other diseases or Harmful.
Clinical manifestations
Diseased chicken intake decreased significantly, drinking water increased, mental depression, feathers fluffy, scattered, constricted, drowsy, sinuses, head swelling, chicken cocks showed purple-black edges, occasional leg hairless Department of scales bleeding . The diseased chickens have varying degrees of respiratory symptoms. Individual chickens have diarrhoea, excreted watery dilute feces, or yellow, green or light green dilute feces with undigested feed.
Shortly after the occurrence of respiratory symptoms in some of the laying hens, the rate of egg production declines. In some chickens, the egg production rate declines first, followed by respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. The rate and duration of egg production declines are not exactly the same in individual chicken populations and generally fall by 20% to 35% or even 60%. At the same time visible soft shell eggs, faded eggs, brown eggs, misshapen eggs and other significant increase. Usually it drops to the lowest point after 7 days to 10 days, and it takes only about 2 weeks to recover slowly.
The symptoms of young chickens are not very obvious and fewer deaths occur. The manifestation of respiratory symptoms is more obvious, the incidence is high, and mortality is closely related to concurrent infection. Nose flow mucus, a few head swelling. Suffering from chicken coughing, sneezing, snoring, breathing difficulties, or stretching mouth breathing, there is a strange call or mouth breathing, no sound or shaking head and so on.
Pathological changes
The chickens in the diseased chickens had crests on the edge of the crest, with lesions in the respiratory system and digestive tract, and the pathogenic chickens had milder flu lesions. However, chickens that died of colibacillosis and Clostridium perfringens infection showed pericarditis, pericarditis, hemorrhagic colitis, yolk peritonitis, and necrotizing enterocolitis, pancreatic and follicular hemorrhage, and varying degrees of swelling of the kidneys. Legs under the scales bleeding, throat, tracheal mucosa have different degrees of bleeding, ulcers.
Chickens with reduced egg production rate, oviduct edema and congestion in diseased chickens, white paste-like paste-like secretions in the fallopian tubes, uterine congestion, edema, three to four times the normal volume, and mucosal bleeding in different degrees. ulcer.
Control methods
Immunization: Strictly and rigorously do a good job of immunization against chicken flu vaccines, especially in the high season of chicken colds. Once every 3 months to 4 months, immunize with H5N1RE-5+RE-4 and H9. The prevention of influenza vaccine for chickens takes 10 days.
Effectively improve feeding management: adopt closed breeding, prevent wild birds from entering the coops through doors and windows; prevent water and feed from being contaminated by pheasant excrement; regularly disinfect chicken coops and the surrounding environment, strengthen chicken disinfection, and regularly eradicate chickens Destructive insects and rodents in the field; dead chickens must be burned or buried.
Do a good job of chicken breeding management, improve the resistance of chickens, minimize the occurrence of stress factors, pay attention to changes in the season of autumn and winter, winter and spring, do a good job of warm and cold work; timely removal of feces, but also regularly in the hen house Herbs such as herb, eugenol, Artemisia, Artemisia, Artemisia, safflower, and other fumigation chicken coops, reduce the stimulation of bad gases, thereby reducing the incidence of respiratory diseases and intestinal diseases.
For chickens with death and reduced egg production rate, Chinese herbal medicines with improved immunity can be used in time for the treatment of enteritis and salpingitis with sensitive antibacterial drugs, such as concurrent respiratory symptoms, and then with doxycycline. Vitamin B12, sodium selenite vitamin E, etc. are added to the feed during the fall.
Urine analyzer is an automated instrument for determining certain chemical components in urine. It is an important tool for automated urine inspection in medical laboratories. This instrument has the advantages of simple and fast operation. However, improper use of urine analyzers and many intermediate links and influencing factors directly affect the accuracy of automated analysis results, which will not only cause errors in experimental results, but even delay diagnosis. Therefore, operators are required to understand the principles, performance and precautions of automated instruments. And the knowledge of influencing factors and other aspects are fully understood, and the correct use of automated instruments can make the results obtained by the urine analyzer more reliable and accurate.
application
In the 1950s, a single dry chemical test strip method was used to measure protein and glucose in urine, and the changes in the color of the test strip were observed with the naked eye and compared with the standard plate to obtain the corresponding values. In the 1980s, due to the high development and widespread use of computer technology, automated urine analyzers also developed rapidly, gradually developing from semi-automatic to fully-automated. Urine analyzers are often divided into two categories according to the test items: â‘ 8-11 screening combined urine test strips mainly used for newly diagnosed patients and health examinations. The eight test items included protein, glucose, PH, ketone bodies, bilirubin, urobilinogen, red blood cells (occult blood) and nitrite; in addition to the above eight tests, urine leukocyte test was added to the nine test items. On the basis of 9 of the 10 urine analyzer testing items, the urine specific density test was added. 11 testing items have added vitamin C testing. â‘¡It is mainly used for the observation of the curative effect of the diagnosed diseases, such as the combination test strip of PH, protein and occult blood (red blood cells) for kidney disease; the combination test strip of PH, sugar and ketone body for diabetes; the combination of bilirubin and urobilinogen for liver disease test tape.
principle
This type of instrument is generally controlled by a microcomputer, and the color change on the test strip is measured semi-quantitatively by using a spherical integrator to receive dual-wavelength reflected light. There are several reagent pads containing various reagents on the reagent strip, each of which reacts independently with the corresponding components in the urine, and displays different colors. The depth of the color is proportional to a certain component in the urine, and there is another in the reagent strip" Compensation pad", as the urine background color, compensates for the errors caused by colored urine and instrument changes.
Put the reagent strip with urine adsorbed in the colorimetric tank of the instrument, and the various reagent pads that have produced chemical reactions on the reagent strip are illuminated by the light source, and the reflected light is received by the spherical analyzer, and the photocell of the spherical analyzer is reflected. Irradiate with dual-wavelength light (measurement light passing through the filter and a reference light), and the selection of each wavelength is determined by the detection item.
The instrument automatically calculates the reflectance according to the following formula, and then compares it with the standard curve, and automatically finds and prints the corresponding results of various components. If the content of a certain component in the urine is high, the reflected light of the corresponding reagent pad is dark, otherwise it is strong.
Reflectance fraction: R(%)=Tm.Cs/TsCm×100%
In the formula, R(%) is the reflectivity; Tm is the reflection intensity of the reagent pad to the measurement wavelength; Ts is the reflection intensity of the reagent pad to the reference wavelength; Cm is the reflection intensity of the calibration pad to the measurement defect length; Cs is the calibration pair. Reflection intensity at the reference wavelength.
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