Root knot nematode disease
Symptoms of seedling and adult plants can be affected. There are many small root nodules in the pole, which can grow to mung bean to soybean or bean size. Insects are yellow-white at first, then brown or root rot. In severe cases, dozens of root nodules occur in each root system, and some of them merge to cause distortion of the whole root or lateral roots, and there are few fine root hairs, and the above-ground leaf color turns yellow or the plants wither.
The pathogen Me10idogyne incognita (Kofoid et White) Chitwood said that the southern root-knot nematodes No. 1 and No. 2 races and M.javanica (Treub.) Chitwood said that Java root knot nematodes and M. arenaria (Neal) Chitwood called P. elegans nematode 2 Small species etc. Among them, the majority of southern root-knot nematodes. The nematode is male and female, and the larvae are slender wormlike. Male adult linear, slightly rounded at the end, colorless and transparent, size 1.0-1.50.03-0.04 (mm). Female adults are pear-shaped. Each female worm can lay between 300-800 eggs. The female worms are buried in the host tissue and they are 0.44-1.590.26-0.81 (mm) in size.
Transmission routes and disease conditions The worms live in the soil at 5-30cm, often with eggs or 2nd instar larvae, and the disease remains in the soil. The diseased soil, diseased seedlings, and irrigation water are the main transmission routes. Generally, it can survive for 1-3 years. When the conditions in late spring are appropriate, the females buried in the roots of the host produce single-celled eggs. The first-instar larvae are formed by the eggs for several hours, and the second-instar larvae are hatched after molting. The second-instar larvae that leave the egg masses move in the soil to search for the root tip. They invade the growth cone from above the root crown, and their secretions stimulate the swelling of the root cells, making the roots form giant cell adult worms (or root knots). In the growing season, the number of root-knot nematodes proliferates in logarithmic fashion. When they reach the 4th instar, the ovipositor lays eggs. The eggs hatch in the root knots. After the 2nd age, they leave the egg mass and enter the soil for reinfestation or overwintering. The survival temperature of Antarctica elegans is 25-30°C. It is rarely active above 40°C and below 5°C. It is lethal at 55°C for 10 minutes. Soil moisture in the field is an important condition affecting hatching and reproduction. The soil moisture is suitable for the growth of Hemp species and is also suitable for root-knot nematode activity. The rainy season is conducive to hatching and infestation. However, in dry or over-wet soils, their activities are inhibited, and their damage in sand is often heavier than that of clay. pH4-8.
Prevention methods (1) Water flooding method: The conditional area may be used to prevent the root knot nematode from infesting, multiplying, and growing for several months on ground surface of 10 cm or more deep soil layer. Although the root knot nematode does not die, it cannot Infection. (2) In the case of root knot nematodes, serious plots are carried out. In Guangdong and Guangxi Ma District, the control effect of rice after replanting the hemp was significant. In the absence of water sources, the use of grass crops, cotton, etc., and hemp crop rotation can also reduce the damage. (3) Deep ploughing and soil improvement, digging hoeing for ditching, diligently cultivating and weeding, timely irrigation and drought resistance, and reasonable fertilization, such as application of potassium chloride and trace element fertilizers such as manganese, boron, copper, zinc, molybdenum, etc., can enhance plant disease resistance. (4) Active breeding of insect-resistant varieties. (5) If necessary, a 10% force full of granules, every 667m 25kg, the effect is very good.
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