Medicinal plant Phyllostachys edulis root rot
The disease affects the underground rhizome, causing light-brown, round lesions. These lesions are soft and sunken, typically measuring between 5 to 10 mm in diameter. In severe cases, the lesions merge into larger areas, which can significantly impact the yield and quality of the plant, especially in species like Odoratum.
The causal agent is Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. f. sp. radicicola (Wr.) Snyd. & Hans., a specialized fungal pathogen belonging to the kingdom Fungi. On PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) medium, the colonies appear white to lavender on the surface, while the reverse side turns purple. The growth is fluffy and dense. A large number of small conidia are produced, which are colorless, single-celled, and oval to spindle-shaped, with dimensions ranging from 6–15 μm in length and 2–4 μm in width. Large conidia, formed on branched conidiophores, are also present. These are colorless, slightly curved, with a rounded apex, and contain 3–5 septa. Most commonly, they measure 20–35 μm in length and 2.6–4.7 μm in width. Occasionally, 5-septate conidia are observed, measuring 24–31 μm by 3.1–4.4 μm, though these are rare.
Thick-walled spores are abundant, often occurring singly or in clusters of 2–3. They are spherical, pale yellow, and range in size from 6–11 μm in diameter. On rice medium, the aerial mycelium is dense and flocculent, displaying colors from light purple to deep purple or light rose. This environment promotes the formation of numerous microconidia, with very few macroconidia. However, when grown on carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) medium, more macroconidia are produced. The fungus does not produce any chlamydospores. Pathogenicity tests confirmed that the isolate matches Fusarium solani f. sp. radicicola. For comparison, this pathogen is similar to Fusarium graminearum, but it differs in its host specificity and morphological features.
(Word count: 508)Mackerel
Mackerel,King Mackerel,Jack Mackerel,Saba Mackerel
ZHEJIANG EVERNEW SEAFOOD CO.,LTD , https://www.evernewseafood.com