Medicinal plant Phyllostachys edulis root rot
The disease primarily affects the underground rhizome, causing light-brown, round lesions. These lesions are soft and sunken, with a distinct boundary. The size of individual lesions ranges from 5 to 10 mm in diameter. In severe cases, the lesions merge into larger areas, significantly reducing both the yield and quality of the plant, particularly in species like Odoratum.
The pathogen responsible is Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. f. sp. radicicola (Wr.) Snyd. & Hans., which is a specialized fungal pathogen belonging to the kingdom Fungi. On potato sucrose agar (PSA), the colony appears white to lavender on the surface, while the reverse side turns purple. The growth is fluffy and dense. The fungus produces a large number of small conidia, which develop singly on phialides. These conidia are colorless, oval to spindle-shaped, measuring approximately 6–15 × 2–4 μm. Additionally, large conidia are formed on branched conidiophores. These are also colorless, slightly curved, with a blunt apex and 3–5 septa. Most commonly, they are 3-septate, measuring 20–35 × 2.6–4.7 μm. Rarely, 5-septate forms occur, measuring 24–31 × 3.1–4.4 μm.
The fungus also produces thick-walled chlamydospores, which are spherical, pale yellow, and often found in single or small clusters. Their size typically ranges from 6–11 × 6–9 μm. On rice medium, the aerial mycelium is lush and flocculent, appearing light purple to purple or light rose to purple. This medium promotes the production of numerous microconidia, with only a few macroconidia. However, on Dianthus caryophyllus medium, more macroconidia are observed. The fungus does not produce any sexual structures. Pathogenicity tests confirm that this isolate matches Fusarium solani f. sp. radicicola. It is important to distinguish it from Fusarium graminearum, as they share similar characteristics but differ in host specificity and morphology.
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