Pheasant rearing house and equipment requirements

Pheasant breeding sites should be located in areas that are dry, flat, and open, with a slight southern or southeastern slope to allow for adequate sunlight. The location must be quiet, well-watered, and free from pollution. Sheds should be built on sandy soil to prevent waterlogging after rain. They should also be well-ventilated, light-filled, warm in winter, and cool in summer. Shrubs and green feed crops should be planted in the play area to provide shelter and fresh food for the pheasants. Additionally, sand baths should be placed in the yard so that the birds can bathe freely. Pheasant feeding is typically done in bungalows. Considering the different growth stages, chicks require good insulation, so the roof should have insulating boards. Heating equipment such as brooding umbrellas, stoves, hot air pipes, or underfloor heating systems should be installed. Infrared bulbs can also be used if available. Curtains should be hung to block drafts and protect the chicks from illness. Ventilation is essential, so shutters should be placed near the top of the walls or at the base (about 35 cm above the ground). Wooden slats arranged diagonally with gaps of 0.5 to 1 cm allow for proper airflow. Barbed wire or nylon mesh (0.5 cm mesh size) should be placed outside the windows to ensure ventilation while keeping out predators. Concrete floors are ideal for easy cleaning and disinfection, preventing rodents from entering. The floor should be covered with sawdust or chaff. A feeding area of 25 meters by 6 meters can accommodate over 2,000 chicks. For adult pheasants, housing should be dry, well-lit, cool in summer, and warm in winter. Doors and windows should have 2 cm x 2 cm mesh. Wooden sticks should be placed inside to support the structure. The habitat should be made from coarse bamboo, and the shed should be surrounded by barbed wire to create a secure play area. The playground should be covered with a nylon mesh similar to the window mesh, and it should include a sand field with small pits for bathing and activity. The feeding area for adults is about 30 meters long and 5 meters wide, suitable for raising around 1,300 birds. Chengxieshe and Shiqianshe require similar conditions but with larger windows and play areas to increase sunlight exposure, promoting metabolism. However, excessive light during certain periods may reduce basal metabolism and encourage fat accumulation. Nesting boxes should be provided to block the view of "princes" and encourage egg-laying. The outdoor play area should be spacious enough to meet the needs of the birds. Housing structures vary depending on the stage of pheasant development. Squatters and Zhongcheng Shashes often use double-sloped roofs with large depths, making them popular today. Small single-sloped sheds are more economical, with less timber and better sunlight exposure. Skylight-style roofs are suitable for large-scale operations, featuring a gas floor and louvers for ventilation and natural lighting. For small farms, old houses can be renovated with protective nets on windows, sack curtains on doors, and smooth, solid premises that protect against wind, rain, and predators. After thorough disinfection, pheasants can be introduced for breeding. Inside the broiler house, there should be food troughs, drinkers, and nest boxes. Chicks can be fed using rectangular wooden troughs with a depth of about 2.5 cm. Troughs often have rotating mechanisms to prevent contamination. The troughs should be easy for pheasants to access without allowing them to enter. Pottery-style troughs with a depth of 7 cm are commonly used, or hanging buckets that keep feed clean. Metal or cement troughs can also be used, with sizes and heights adjusted according to the age and number of pheasants. Drinking fountains vary depending on the age of the birds. Large-scale operations may use lead-tube or circular automatic drinkers, which hold up to 7,500 ml of water and last about 250 days. Plastic drinking fountains are also available, or simple ones made from wide-mouth cans. Inverted bottles placed in enamel pots allow for continuous water supply. For younger pheasants, pottery basins with bamboo covers help keep the water clean. Water requirements vary: 3,500–7,000 ml per day for 1–2 weeks, 7,000 ml for 3–4 weeks, 10,500 ml for 6–8 weeks, and 14,000–17,500 ml for 10–12 weeks. Juicy feed reduces water needs, and summer increases demand. Drinking fountains should always be clean and filled constantly. Before laying eggs, hens need dark nesting boxes placed in shaded areas to avoid light interference. Boxes should be 40 cm x 30 cm x 15 cm, filled with dry sand and hay. One box per 2–3 hens is recommended to prevent delays in egg production.

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