Filament pond fish pollution-free aquaculture management
Filamentine, also known as the "God of God" in Vietnam, is a freshwater fish native to Southeast Asia. It is a tropical species that serves both as an edible and ornamental fish. Rich in protein, it has a delicate texture, excellent flavor, fast growth rate, and high productivity. Juvenile fish can reach 800-1000 grams within eight months, with some individuals growing up to 20 kg. Its popularity among farmers and consumers has made it a highly sought-after economic fish in international markets.
Due to its compatibility with the climate in southern China and the availability of diverse feed sources, Filamentine has been introduced in some regions of China as an ornamental species in recent years. Experts suggest that using earth-based ponds for cultivation can significantly enhance growth, as the physical and chemical conditions closely resemble natural environments. In Yingshan County, Hubei Province, Filamentine was introduced from An Giang Province, Vietnam, and local geothermal resources are being utilized for pollution-free aquaculture.
The fish thrives in water temperatures between 22°C and 32°C, with the ideal range being 24°C to 30°C. If the temperature drops below 16°C, growth slows, and at 12°C or lower, the fish may suffer frostbite and die. Therefore, suitable ponds should have access to clean water, moderate hardness, good drainage, and a depth of at least two meters. The water should be slightly alkaline with a transparency of over 35 cm. To prevent injury from rough surfaces, earthen ponds are recommended due to the fish's flat body and long filaments.
For stocking, it’s important to maintain appropriate density and quality. Before introducing fish, the pond should be disinfected with lime and exposed to sunlight. After several days, water levels are gradually increased, and organic fertilizers are added to promote zooplankton growth. Stocking density varies depending on pond size and feeding conditions, typically ranging from 5,000 to 7,000 fry per mu, with 50–80 fish per mu.
Healthy, disease-free seedlings should be used, and monoculture is preferred. Fish should be bathed in salt or potassium permanganate before release to prevent infections. Daily management involves regular inspections, proper feeding, and disease prevention. Feeding should start 24 hours after stocking, with animal-based feed in early stages and balanced pellets later. Feed must meet pollution-free standards, with crude protein content between 30% and 50%.
Water quality must be regularly monitored, with partial water changes every two weeks, ensuring no more than 50% change and a temperature difference of less than 2°C. Avoid covering the surface with aquatic plants, and maintain slightly alkaline water by adding shell ash or fermented manure if needed.
Common diseases include sphaerothecosis, head lice, white spot disease, and others. Prevention is key, involving stable water temperature, regular cleaning, and using safe medications. In case of illness, professional help should be sought, and illegal drugs must be avoided. Common treatments include salt, lime, potassium permanganate, and antibiotics.
Intensive management is essential, with regular patrols and prompt responses to any issues. Keep the environment quiet, avoid disturbing the fish, and remove dead or sick fish promptly to prevent disease spread. Maintain detailed records of all activities for effective, healthy breeding practices.
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