Filament pond fish pollution-free aquaculture management
Filamentine is a freshwater fish native to Southeast Asia, known for its dual value as both an edible and ornamental species. It's a tropical fish with high nutritional content, tender flesh, and a delicious flavor. Filamentine grows quickly, reaching 800–1000 grams within eight months, and some individuals can weigh up to 20 kilograms. Its popularity among farmers and consumers has made it a highly sought-after species in the international market. In Vietnam, it's even called the "God of God," highlighting its prestige.
Due to its ecological compatibility with southern China's climate and the availability of diverse feed sources, filamentine has recently been introduced as an ornamental fish in certain parts of China. Experts suggest that using earth-based ponds can enhance growth by mimicking natural conditions. In Yingshan County, Hubei Province, the Fisheries Technology Promotion Station has imported filamentine from An Giang province in Vietnam and is utilizing local geothermal resources for pollution-free aquaculture. Below are the key techniques used in this process.
Pond conditions must meet strict requirements. Filamentine thrives in water temperatures between 22°C and 32°C, with an ideal range of 24°C to 30°C. When the temperature drops below 16°C, growth slows, and at 12°C or lower, fish may suffer frostbite and die. Therefore, suitable ponds should have clean, unpolluted water, moderate hardness, good drainage, and a depth of at least two meters. The water should be slightly alkaline, with a transparency of over 35 cm. Because of their delicate fins, filamentine is best raised in earthen ponds to avoid injury from concrete walls.
For stocking, the density and quality of seedlings are crucial. Before stocking, ponds should be disinfected using lime and exposed to sunlight. After a few days, water levels should be gradually increased. Fertilization with green manure and soybean milk helps cultivate plankton, which serves as food for young fish. Stocking density depends on pond size, water supply, and management level—typically around 5,000 to 7,000 fry per mu (about 667 square meters), with about 50 to 80 fish per mu.
Healthy, disease-free seedlings should be selected, and monoculture is recommended. If polyculture is practiced, only filter-feeding or herbivorous fish should be added. Seedlings should be disinfected using salt or potassium permanganate before release. During the early stages, animal-based feed is essential, while later stages use full-price pellet feed. Crude protein content should be between 30% and 50%, and feeding should occur twice daily, adjusting based on fish size and growth.
Water quality must be regularly monitored. Water changes should be done every half month, not exceeding 50% of the pool volume, and temperature differences should be kept under 2°C. Avoid covering the surface with aquatic plants, and maintain slightly alkaline water to prevent diseases. Regular cleaning of feeding areas and removal of leftover food are important.
Disease prevention is critical. Common diseases include sphaerothecosis, head lice, white spot, rickets, and trichoderma. Prevention includes maintaining proper water temperature, regular disinfection, and ensuring clean feeding practices. Medications such as salt, lime, and potassium permanganate are commonly used.
Intensive management involves daily monitoring, keeping the environment quiet, and promptly removing sick or dead fish. Maintaining detailed records of stocking, feeding, and health is essential for successful breeding. By following these practices, farmers can achieve sustainable and profitable filamentine farming.
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