Variety Characteristics and Cultivation of Big Fruit Type Four Seasons Strawberry Winter Flower
Strawberries are typically cultivated to fruit at the end of the first year. Most varieties require a vernalization period below 5°C to break dormancy and ensure normal flowering. In northern and central China, this process is usually successful, allowing for regular production. However, in southern regions like Hainan, Guangdong, and Fujian, some varieties struggle to complete vernalization due to warmer climates. This limitation has led to challenges in large-scale strawberry farming in the south. To overcome this, farmers often transport seedlings from the north or use artificial cold treatment before planting. These methods are costly, time-consuming, and not ideal for widespread use, which keeps strawberry prices high in the south.
In recent years, four-season strawberries have been introduced from abroad, but their small fruit size and low yield have limited their appeal. To address these issues, researchers began using plant tissue culture in 1992 to induce mutations and develop new varieties. After three years of work, a large-fruited four-season variety called "Winter Flower" was successfully developed. To maintain its quality and productivity, virus-free seedlings were produced using heat treatment and tissue culture techniques. These seedlings were then distributed nationwide for demonstration and commercial use.
The Winter Flower variety has shown no dormancy, large fruit size (up to 50 grams), high yield, and excellent sweetness. In Nanjing, it can be planted in September and will flower by late November, with fruits available around New Year’s and Spring Festival. A second bloom occurs in April, aligning with the traditional harvest season. This variety allows for year-round production through proper cultivation adjustments, ensuring a steady market supply and higher economic returns.
Many farmers have moved to Hainan to take advantage of its warm climate for strawberry production, and the Winter Flower variety is an ideal choice for this purpose.
High-yield cultivation begins with the use of virus-free seedlings. Since strawberries are vegetatively propagated, viral diseases are common and can reduce yields over time. While imported varieties are initially virus-free, they often become infected within 2-3 years. The Winter Flower variety, especially in southern regions, benefits greatly from virus-free seedlings due to faster viral spread in warm conditions. Using heat-treated meristems, 100% virus-free seedlings were obtained, significantly increasing fruit size and yield. Production tests showed a 50–80 gram fruit size and a 50% increase in yield compared to non-virus-free plants.
Achieving good seedling development is crucial for high yield. Three main cultivation techniques are used: plastic greenhouses for early harvests, semi-enclosure methods for cost-effective production, and open-field cultivation for seasonal markets. Each method has specific requirements and benefits depending on local climate and resources.
Planting strong, healthy seedlings is essential. Virus-free seedlings need careful handling and should be grown in controlled environments. Proper spacing, weed control, and nutrient management help produce vigorous plants. Farmers should also manage seedlings by removing weak plants and transplanting excess ones to maximize propagation.
Double-row high-ridge cultivation improves efficiency, reduces disease risk, and increases yield. Timely fertilization ensures adequate nutrients for growth and fruit development. Additional measures like pruning runners, controlling flower numbers, and pollination assistance further boost productivity.
By implementing these techniques, farmers can achieve consistent, high-quality strawberry production throughout the year, meeting market demands and maximizing profits.
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