Early rice: mechanical broadcast master key
In accordance with the national food production project team under the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" in Yiyang City, Hushan District, several early rice varieties have been recommended for mechanical sowing due to their resilience to cold and adverse weather conditions. These include Zhuliangyou 819, Luliangyou 996, Zhuliangyou 505, Shuofeng 2, Jiayu 948, and others. These varieties are well-suited for early-season rice planting in the region, offering advantages such as strong cold tolerance, rapid germination, high seedling emergence, robust tillering ability, good resistance to lodging, and stable, high yields. To ensure success, it's essential to master the key techniques involved in early rice mechanical cultivation.
Field preparation is a critical step. The field should be "early, flat, appropriate, and smooth"—meaning that the soil should be turned early, the surface level, and the texture moderately firm. Proper drainage and irrigation systems are necessary, and the plot size should be small with well-maintained ditches. For larger plots, cross-ditches, vertical ditches, and furrows should be established to prevent waterlogging. It’s important to prepare the field thoroughly before sowing, allowing the soil to settle before planting.
Sowing should occur when the temperature remains above 12°C. In central and southern Hunan, the ideal sowing window is between April 1st and April 4th, while in northern areas, it's from April 3rd to April 7th. The spacing should be 20 cm or 23 cm, with 4–6 hybrid rice seeds per hole, using 3–3.5 kg of seeds per acre. For conventional rice, 7–9 seeds are broadcasted, requiring 5–6 kg per acre. To enhance cold and pest resistance, chemical seed treatments such as Miao, Shi Leshi, or dry nursery methods can be applied.
Water management is crucial after sowing. A week after planting, the field should be kept moist, following the rule: “one sunny day, one ditch of water; one cloudy day, half a ditch; one rainy day, drain the water.†After heavy rain, maintain a 3.3 cm water layer to protect seedlings and drain immediately afterward. At 15 days post-sowing, keep the field slightly dry, and at the 7–8 leaf stage, start draining to control unnecessary tillers. Alternate dry and wet conditions during the panicle development stage to promote root growth and increase grain weight.
Fertilization should be done strategically. Since mechanical rice has shallow root distribution, fertilizer loss can be significant. Apply basal fertilizer (60% of total) and top-dressing (40%). Use 150 kg of high-quality chicken manure and 30 kg of 35% rice-specific compound fertilizer per acre. At the 2–3 leaf stage, apply 4 kg of urea and 3 kg of potassium chloride per acre. Before transplanting, add 4.5 kg of urea and 5 kg of potassium chloride, applying it with sunlight. During the heading stage, spray 0.15 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per acre for foliar application to improve grain quality.
Weed control is also important. At the 2–3 leaf stage, about 15 days after sowing, use 600 ml of 5% Daojie suspension agent plus 600 ml of 10% chlorinated emulsifiable concentrate per mu, or 600 g of 50% kill carbuncle WP plus 150 g of 10% benzyl chloride wettable powder per acre. Choose a sunny day around 3 p.m., spray dry, and rehydrate 24 hours later. This method effectively controls over 95% of weeds, ensuring a healthy and productive crop.
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