Take comprehensive measures to prevent abnormal corn filling
Cause Analysis
Cultivation method (1) Cultivation density. The cultivation density is too large, the ventilation and light transmission in the field are poor, the photosynthesis of the plants is poor, and the supply of nutrients required for the formation of the ear is affected, so that the phenomenon of imperfect grain and baldness occurs. (2) Fertilizer and water factors. During the differentiation stage of the ear, lack of water and water, weak photosynthesis, less accumulation of organic matter, or partial nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency, the vegetative growth of the plant is too strong, weakening the reproductive growth ability, easily leading to ear dysplasia, small ears appearing , empty particles, lack of grain, baldness and other phenomena.
The apical-predominant maize tassel is developed from the top bud, and the growth potential is strong. The tassel differentiation is 7-10 days earlier than the female ear, while the female ear is developed from the axillary bud, and the growth potential is weak. Once the external conditions are not conducive to growth, the tassel will inhibit the ear, and the top nutrient will be used to absorb a large amount of nutrients to the top, resulting in the growth and development of the ear due to insufficient nutrition, and the phenomenon of empty stalk and grain loss.
Climate factors (1) high temperature and drought. The suitable temperature for corn booting and pollination is 25-30 °C, and the soil water holding capacity in the field should be 70%-80%. High temperature and drought will affect the nutrient transformation and nutrient transformation of maize roots, affecting the differentiation speed of male and female ears, especially the corn water sensitive period before the trumpet period to the tasseling. At this time, in the hot and dry weather, the tassels are drawn out in advance, and the ears are due to the top. The dominant effect delays the silking, the time difference between flowering and silking increases, the vitality of pollen decreases, and the adhesion of filaments is poor, resulting in abnormal grain filling. (2) Low temperature and rain. During the loosening of corn, the pollen grains are easy to absorb water and swell, rupture, die or stick into a mass, lose pollination ability, and make the female flowers unable to fertilize normally, resulting in abnormal grain filling.
The main pests and diseases are corn borer, Laodelphax striatellus, smut, smut, and rough disease. The mites suck the juice to cause tissue necrosis, and the excreted honeydew causes mold growth, forming coal smut diseases covered with leaves, affecting photosynthesis, hindering nutrient transport, leading to abnormal conditions such as empty stalks.
Precaution
Reasonable close planting determines the planting density according to the characteristics of the variety and the level of fertility. The large panicle type is generally 3000-3500 per mu (60 cm line spacing, 35 cm spacing); the spikelet type is about 4000 per mu (line spacing 50 cm, plant spacing 35 cm), and the fertility field should be small, vice versa. Yida.
Coordinate the fertilizer and water base fertilizer to apply organic fertilizer to ensure that the emergence of seedlings is uniform, uniform and strong. Balanced application of NPK fertilizer, combined with fixed seedling application of compound fertilizer when the 5 leaves are unfolded, the amount accounts for 60% of the total compound fertilizer during the whole growth period; when the 12-13 leaves are deployed, the remaining 40% of the compound fertilizer is applied. In terms of water supply, corn requires the largest amount of water from jointing to heading, especially in the first month before and after the stagnation, which requires the soil water holding capacity to be 70%-80%. In addition, the corn is not resistant to cockroaches, and it is necessary to ditch and drain the water in time after the rain.
Breaking the top advantage When the corn is sucked and the male is in the spit, it can reduce the incidence of empty stalks when it is bad.
Timely prevention and treatment of pests and cockroaches should be controlled in the period of egg hatching; prevent the rough disease by adjusting the sowing date and seedling stage to control the worms;
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