Detailed explanation of methods and techniques for planting organic vegetables in saline-alkali soil
China's current land salinization is becoming more and more serious. Many farmers will waste their salinity and alkali. It is felt that such soils cannot produce good vegetables. It is indeed more difficult to grow vegetables in saline soil than fertile soil. At present, a large number of saline-alkali soils restrict the quality and yield of vegetables. How do you grow vegetables in saline-alkali soil? Today, Xiaobian talks about how to grow high-yield organic vegetables in saline-alkali soil.
1. Build a shed according to the actual conditions of the saline-alkali land
In the planting and production of facility vegetables, if the selected cultivated land is too salty, it must be properly treated. It is common to use the inter-shed trenching method to reduce the groundwater level of the planting bed. In the specific implementation, a properly sized ditch is dug behind the shed and concrete is poured. When the whole shed is in a dry state, the plastic and the rear slope should be covered with plastic in time to avoid the scouring of the rainwater and ensure that the indoor temperature is moderate.
2, let the greenhouse planting play an advantage, choose the appropriate variety planting
In the cultivation of facility vegetables in saline-alkali land, it is necessary to give rational use of the advantages of greenhouse cultivation and select suitable vegetable varieties for cultivation. After the construction of the shed is completed, the stability of the shed and the problem of heat storage and heat storage will be solved, which will contribute to the growth of vegetables inside the shed. Generally, in the process of selecting vegetable varieties, tomatoes, peppers and other vegetables that are easy to survive are mainly grown.
3. Amend the management method of facility vegetable cultivation
(1) Half-high ridge cultivation should be adopted
When planting vegetables, the seedlings should be planted at a position of 1/2 of the ridge slope. This method can ensure the speed of temperature rise in the winter ridges, and can avoid the discussion of salt and alkali, and avoid the influence of the concentration of salt and alkali on the vegetables.
(2) Water management should be done well
In the saline-alkali soil irrigation, the combination of drip irrigation and flood irrigation is generally adopted. Under normal circumstances, drip irrigation is used to supplement water, and flood irrigation is used according to the growth condition of vegetables. In the operation, the formation of soil “false sputum†should be avoided.
(3) Pay attention to the use of chemical fertilizers
In general, the saline-alkali soil should be based on potassium dihydrogen phosphate, which is a type of fertilizer that can reduce soil salinity. After salt-alkali calcium, calcium ions control sodium ions, and phosphate ions control oxygen ions. After the application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the potassium ions control the sodium ions, the phosphate ions control the aromatic ions, and the ion antagonism acts to control the sodium oxide.
4. Saline-alkali facilities should produce good cultivation media for vegetable production.
(1) Using straw reactor technology
In the method, the arable land needs to be ditched in the north and south, the width is 80cm, the depth is 40~50cm, the 20cm rice straw is planted, a small amount of urea is sprinkled to adjust the carbon to nitrogen ratio, the straw fermentation is promoted, and the bauxite is also filled and cultivated. The stomata are left in the hoes on both sides of the north and south. After simmering and irrigating, after the bauxite is fully precipitated, when the rammed earth can be cultivated, the glutinous rice noodles are flattened, and the vegetable seedlings are planted.
Using this technology to grow vegetables can ensure the temperature inside the greenhouse, promote the growth of roots and the resistance of vegetables. It can also use the straw reactor to supply sufficient carbon dioxide inside the greenhouse. When the straw is corroded, it can also be used as organic fertilizer to improve soil fertility. Improve the status of saline-alkali land.
(2) Adopting cultivation tank planting technology
In order to improve the effect of planting vegetables on saline-alkali soil, it is necessary to cover the cultivation technique of the cultivation tank. Generally, it can be directly grooved in the north-south direction, the width and depth are controlled at about 45cm and 25cm, and the farmyard manure is used as a substrate. Adjust the salt and alkalinity of the land through farmyard manure.
There are many advantages in this way: it can directly fertilize vegetables and increase the yield of vegetable production; it can independently adjust the nutrients needed for cultivated vegetables; it can ensure the surface temperature and promote the rational growth of vegetable roots; it can regulate the acidity and alkalinity of the land and promote The normal growth of vegetables ensures the quality of vegetables; the use of cultivation tanks can improve the permeability of the matrix in the tank, which is conducive to the clearing of irrigation and land salinity; the cultivation tank can quickly provide nutrients for the facility vegetables and improve soil fertility.
The above is the method and technology of planting organic vegetables in saline-alkali soil. It is necessary to pay attention to scientific and reasonable cultivation methods, improve the environment of vegetable cultivation, reduce the salt and alkali of the land, and provide sufficient fertilizer for vegetables to ensure the quality and yield of organic vegetable production. .
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