Rapeseed winter management technology

"The rapeseed is easy to be frozen in winter. After freezing, its plant growth is hindered, physiological disorders, plant injury, and easy to get sick, causing serious dead seedlings, forming a lack of trees and broken ridges." Recently, in Naxi District, Luzhou City In a rapeseed field in Group 13 of Baihe Village, Fengle Town, Zhang Liangqiong, the station manager of Fengle Town Agricultural Technology Service Station, explained to the villagers the management techniques of rapeseed wintering.

Cultivating loose soil

Rapeseed must do a good job of cultivating and cultivating soil, field management; do a good job of checking seedlings and replenishing seedlings, thickening and replenishing; and grasping several aspects such as heavy application of wax fertilizer, anti-freezing and disaster reduction, pest control and clearing drainage. In this way, it is possible to promote the normal growth and development of rapeseed, accumulate and store more nutrients, and ensure that the whole seedlings, strong seedlings, and safely survive the winter.

The cultivating and loosening soil should master the principles of early loosening and digging soil, and cooperate with fertilization and soil removal. The time, frequency and depth of the loose soil should be determined according to the growth of rapeseed, soil conditions, climate characteristics and weed growth. In the colder winter, in order to prevent freezing and moisturizing, it is generally not suitable for deep cultivating. When cultivating loose soil, it is necessary to pay attention to the roots of the soil to enhance the cold resistance of rapeseed.

Check seedlings, make seedlings, thicken and replenish

According to the growth of rapeseed emergence, the principle that rapeseed should be mastered by seedlings and seedlings is: dense and thin, weak and strong, adjust the distance between plants, and maintain uniformity. It is necessary to check the seedlings and make up the seedlings in winter, and thicken and dilute them. The transplanting should be as early as possible, so that the roots can be rooted and the survival rate can be improved. For the lack of seedlings and ridges, it is necessary to replant large and strong seedlings in time to form a reasonable group structure.

Re-applying bait mastering skills

“A layer of winter fertilizer is layered”. “It’s not as good as pouring water.” Before the arrival of the winter, chasing the fertilizer and adding phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can enhance the cold resistance of rapeseed. Supply nutrients during the wintering period and twitching and flowering period to ensure balanced growth in the later period and achieve a stable spring growth.

Use 1200-1500 kg of decomposed pig cow dung water plus 3-5 kg ​​of urea for drenching or use 40 kg of 35% compound fertilizer to throw the nest. It can also spray antifreeze to increase the soil temperature by 2 °C - 3 °C. Improve the cold resistance of rapeseed and play the effect of winter spring.

Fertilization techniques should master the following five aspects of skills: one is to see the seedlings fertilization; the second is to see the soil fertilization; the third is to look at the fertilization; the fourth is a reasonable mix; the fifth is to prevent fat damage.

Antifreeze and disaster mitigation

Increase the cover. Before the winter, cover the rapeseed seedlings with soil fertilizer, grass ash, crop straw, etc., or simmer the soil or cover the soil with the fertilizer in the rapeseed line, the large seedling bacon, the strong seedlings and the heart, the small seedlings cover the roots, and thicken the root layer to block Cold winds invade rapeseed and improve the ability of heat absorption and cold resistance to have a certain effect.

At the same time, it can also keep the ground temperature relatively stable, reduce the transpiration of the foliage, avoid the direct damage of the cold air to the blade, and also bridge the soil joint to prevent the air leakage. For example, covering rice straw, 200-300 kg per acre, not only protects against freezing, but also increases soil organic matter. The straw covered on the surface of the raft can be naturally implemented in the face of rainfall, and generally does not affect the photosynthesis of rape.

When the temperature drops to 0 °C, it is also possible to sprinkle a layer of chaff, grass ash, etc. on the leaves of the rapeseed to prevent the leaves from being frozen; conditionally, the water can be poured once before the cold current, which can stabilize the temperature and effectively prevent dry freezing.

Pest control

The rapeseed grows strong before wintering, the individual grows a lot, the closure is early, and the temperature and humidity between the ground are higher. In particular, the winter is slower and the rain is more. In the warm winter season, the sapling rapeseed field is prone to disease, but the base leaves are yellowed and the green leaf area is reduced, and the plant is atrophied until death. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent rapeseed diseases before the wintering of rapeseed.

Winter rapeseed pay attention to the control of aphids, cabbage caterpillars, downy mildew. 10-15 parts of imidacloprid wettable powder for controlling aphids; Sclerotium disease once every 5 days in the initial flowering period, continuous treatment 2-3 times, each time using 70% methyl thiophanate 500-1500 times solution, or 40% Sclerotium net wettable powder 500 times liquid control; downy mildew with 72% kelu wettable powder 1000 times liquid control.

Clear trench drainage camp good environment

If the field in the field of rapeseed is long-term water-stained, the rapeseed crop is difficult to exert on the roots, and it is easy to form weak seedlings and yellow seedlings, which can not reach the goal of winter and spring. Therefore, while cultivating the soil, it is necessary to clear the "four ditch" (lumbar ditch, furrow, box ditch, drainage ditch), especially the rice bran rape, the humidity in the field is large, and the "four ditch" should be cleaned up to ensure that the ditch and the canal are connected. The drainage is smooth.

For rapeseed fields with high groundwater levels, it is necessary to pay attention to clearing the water in the field after the rain and snow, so that the clear water can be drained, the dark water can be filtered, and the rain can be dried to make the roots of the rapeseed develop a good environment.

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