Straw micro-feed technology question and answer
Straw Microbial Technology Questions and Answers Urumqi Starfish Agricultural Science and Technology Application Extension Service Station (830000) Fu Weimin Zhu Hongxiao
1 What is straw micro-feed?
Straw micro-storage is the addition of micro-organisms efficient active strains in the crop stalks - live stalk fermentation bacterium, placed in sealed containers (such as cement silos, crypts), after a certain fermentation process, crop stalks It becomes a feed that has an acid-flavoured, herbivorous animal feed.
2 What are the characteristics of straw micro-feeds?
2 . 1 Low cost and high efficiency The micro-storage made of straw per ton only needs 3 grams of straw to ferment live dried fungus (worth 10 yuan), and 30-50 kg of urea should be used for ammoniating per ton of straw. Under the same feeding conditions, the effect of straw micro-feeds on cattle and sheep feeding (weight gain, milk production) is better than or equivalent to straw ammoniated feed, and the use of straw fermentation live dried bacteria can solve the problems of livestock husbandry and agriculture. Contradictions.
2.2 High digestibility In the process of micro-storage, due to the action of high-efficiency compound bacteria, lignocellulose substances are greatly degraded and converted into lactic acid and volatile fatty acids (VFAs), together with the enzymes and other biologically active substances. , Increased cellulase and lipase activity in rumen microflora of cattle and sheep. The dry matter in vivo digestibility of wheat straw microbiological feed increased by 24.14%, crude fiber digestion and slaughter increased by 43.77%, and the organic matter digestibility increased by 29.4%. The metabolic energy of wheat straw microbiological dry matter was 8.73 MJ/kg, and the digestion energy was 9.84 MJ/kg. After wheat straw micro-environment, there is almost no loss of total energy.
2.3 good palatability, high intake of straw by micro-storage treatment, can make rough straw soft, and acid smell, stimulate the appetite of livestock, thereby increasing feed intake. The feed rate of cattle and sheep to straw micro-feeds can be increased by 40% to 43%, and feed intake can be increased by 20% to 40%.
2.4 straw from a wide range of wheat straw, rice straw, yellow corn stalks, potato pods, hawthorn, green corn stalks, non-toxic weeds and green aquatic plants, whether dry straw or green straw, straw can be used to live dry bacterium High-quality micro-feeds.
2.5 The production of long-term straw micro-feeds has a long production season. It does not compete with agriculture and it does not misuse agriculture. The temperature of straw stalk fermentation live dried stalks is 10~40 °C. In addition, both green and dry stalks are fermented. Therefore, in northern China, straw stalks can be produced in the spring, summer, and autumn, except in winter. Some areas can produce straw micro-feeds all year round.
2.6 Easy to Make The production technology of straw micro-feeds is simple, similar to the traditional silage, easy to learn and easy to understand and popularize.
3 What is the principle of straw micro storage?
During the micro-storage of straw, due to the role of live and dry stalks of straw fermentation, under the appropriate anaerobic environment, a large amount of lignocellulose substances are converted into sugars, and the sugars are converted into lactic acid and volatilized by organic acid fermentation bacterium. Fatty acids reduce the pH to 4.5--5.0, inhibiting the propagation of harmful bacteria such as butyrate and spoilage bacteria.
The moisture content of straw micro-feeds is generally 60% -70%. When the water content is too much, the concentration of sugar and jelly in the straw is reduced, and the acid-producing bacteria cannot grow normally, resulting in deterioration of the feed. When the water content is too low, the straw is not easy to be compacted and the residual air is too much, which can not guarantee the conditions of anaerobic fermentation, the amount of organic acid is reduced, and mildew easily occurs.
4 What is the mechanism of increasing the weight of cattle and sheep by straw micro-feeds?
Digestion of ruminants in cattle and sheep is characterized by the catabolism of rumen microbes. Cellulose, hemicellulose and other polysaccharides in the straw are degraded into monosaccharides and converted into volatile fatty acids COz, etc. The largest energy for ruminant livestock (about 60% -70%). The protein in the feed is also degraded by the rumen microorganisms into amino acids and ammonia, and then synthesized into the microbial body protein for use by the carcass. As the protein source of the carcass, the bacterial protein accounts for more than 60%.
The principles of using straw to ferment live dried bacterium to make micro-feeds are basically similar to the principle of rumen microbial fermentation. After fermented by live dried bacterium, straw is transformed into high quality feed with good palatability and high digestibility. During the micro-storage of straw, due to the anaerobic fermentation effect of live dry straw stalk fermentation, the enzymatic hydrolysis of hemicellulose-xylan chains and lignin polymers increases the flexibility of the straw and increases the degree of swelling of the straw. Can directly contact with cellulose, thereby increasing the crude fiber digestibility. Feeding of micro-storage to cattle and sheep can increase the activity of cellulase and lipase in the rumen microflora of cattle and sheep, and the synthesis of vitamin B12 can reach 0.33 mg/kg, which can promote the production of volatile fatty acid to increase by 37.5 %. Propionic acid increased by 27.3%. Volatile fatty acids can provide carbon scaffolds for the synthesis of microbial cell proteins, while propionic acid is an important glucose precursor for ruminant livestock. This increases the sugar content in the blood of lactating cows by 10 mg% to 15 mg%, the alkali reserves by 90 mg% to 110 mg%, and the ketone content by 5 mg% to 7 mg%. This change in cow blood can improve it. Physiological status, normal calving, burdock will not suffer from indigestion. This is mainly due to an increase in the digestibility of straw, which is accompanied by an increase in feed intake (20% -40%), an increase in the amount of organic matter digested, and an increase in the amount of volatile fatty acids in animal body energy metabolites. It also means rumen microbes. Increase in the amount of bacterial protein synthesis, thereby increasing the supply of microbial protein to the body. This is the main mechanism by which microfeeds increase the weight of ruminants.
5 What are the main methods of straw micro-storage?
5.1 Cement pond micro-storage method This method is similar to the traditional silage silage method. The crop straws are chopped, and the bacteria solution is sprayed in proportion and put into the pool. The layers are compacted and sealed. The advantage of this method is that it is not easy to enter the water in the pool and has good sealing performance and durability.
5.2 Cavity micro-reservoir method This method is to select a place with high topography, hard soil, sunny drying, easy drainage, low groundwater level, close to the livestock house, and convenient access. Dig a rectangle cellar according to the storage volume (depth to 2- 3 meters is appropriate), put a layer of plastic film on the bottom and around the cellar, put the straw into the pool,
1 What is straw micro-feed?
Straw micro-storage is the addition of micro-organisms efficient active strains in the crop stalks - live stalk fermentation bacterium, placed in sealed containers (such as cement silos, crypts), after a certain fermentation process, crop stalks It becomes a feed that has an acid-flavoured, herbivorous animal feed.
2 What are the characteristics of straw micro-feeds?
2 . 1 Low cost and high efficiency The micro-storage made of straw per ton only needs 3 grams of straw to ferment live dried fungus (worth 10 yuan), and 30-50 kg of urea should be used for ammoniating per ton of straw. Under the same feeding conditions, the effect of straw micro-feeds on cattle and sheep feeding (weight gain, milk production) is better than or equivalent to straw ammoniated feed, and the use of straw fermentation live dried bacteria can solve the problems of livestock husbandry and agriculture. Contradictions.
2.2 High digestibility In the process of micro-storage, due to the action of high-efficiency compound bacteria, lignocellulose substances are greatly degraded and converted into lactic acid and volatile fatty acids (VFAs), together with the enzymes and other biologically active substances. , Increased cellulase and lipase activity in rumen microflora of cattle and sheep. The dry matter in vivo digestibility of wheat straw microbiological feed increased by 24.14%, crude fiber digestion and slaughter increased by 43.77%, and the organic matter digestibility increased by 29.4%. The metabolic energy of wheat straw microbiological dry matter was 8.73 MJ/kg, and the digestion energy was 9.84 MJ/kg. After wheat straw micro-environment, there is almost no loss of total energy.
2.3 good palatability, high intake of straw by micro-storage treatment, can make rough straw soft, and acid smell, stimulate the appetite of livestock, thereby increasing feed intake. The feed rate of cattle and sheep to straw micro-feeds can be increased by 40% to 43%, and feed intake can be increased by 20% to 40%.
2.4 straw from a wide range of wheat straw, rice straw, yellow corn stalks, potato pods, hawthorn, green corn stalks, non-toxic weeds and green aquatic plants, whether dry straw or green straw, straw can be used to live dry bacterium High-quality micro-feeds.
2.5 The production of long-term straw micro-feeds has a long production season. It does not compete with agriculture and it does not misuse agriculture. The temperature of straw stalk fermentation live dried stalks is 10~40 °C. In addition, both green and dry stalks are fermented. Therefore, in northern China, straw stalks can be produced in the spring, summer, and autumn, except in winter. Some areas can produce straw micro-feeds all year round.
2.6 Easy to Make The production technology of straw micro-feeds is simple, similar to the traditional silage, easy to learn and easy to understand and popularize.
3 What is the principle of straw micro storage?
During the micro-storage of straw, due to the role of live and dry stalks of straw fermentation, under the appropriate anaerobic environment, a large amount of lignocellulose substances are converted into sugars, and the sugars are converted into lactic acid and volatilized by organic acid fermentation bacterium. Fatty acids reduce the pH to 4.5--5.0, inhibiting the propagation of harmful bacteria such as butyrate and spoilage bacteria.
The moisture content of straw micro-feeds is generally 60% -70%. When the water content is too much, the concentration of sugar and jelly in the straw is reduced, and the acid-producing bacteria cannot grow normally, resulting in deterioration of the feed. When the water content is too low, the straw is not easy to be compacted and the residual air is too much, which can not guarantee the conditions of anaerobic fermentation, the amount of organic acid is reduced, and mildew easily occurs.
4 What is the mechanism of increasing the weight of cattle and sheep by straw micro-feeds?
Digestion of ruminants in cattle and sheep is characterized by the catabolism of rumen microbes. Cellulose, hemicellulose and other polysaccharides in the straw are degraded into monosaccharides and converted into volatile fatty acids COz, etc. The largest energy for ruminant livestock (about 60% -70%). The protein in the feed is also degraded by the rumen microorganisms into amino acids and ammonia, and then synthesized into the microbial body protein for use by the carcass. As the protein source of the carcass, the bacterial protein accounts for more than 60%.
The principles of using straw to ferment live dried bacterium to make micro-feeds are basically similar to the principle of rumen microbial fermentation. After fermented by live dried bacterium, straw is transformed into high quality feed with good palatability and high digestibility. During the micro-storage of straw, due to the anaerobic fermentation effect of live dry straw stalk fermentation, the enzymatic hydrolysis of hemicellulose-xylan chains and lignin polymers increases the flexibility of the straw and increases the degree of swelling of the straw. Can directly contact with cellulose, thereby increasing the crude fiber digestibility. Feeding of micro-storage to cattle and sheep can increase the activity of cellulase and lipase in the rumen microflora of cattle and sheep, and the synthesis of vitamin B12 can reach 0.33 mg/kg, which can promote the production of volatile fatty acid to increase by 37.5 %. Propionic acid increased by 27.3%. Volatile fatty acids can provide carbon scaffolds for the synthesis of microbial cell proteins, while propionic acid is an important glucose precursor for ruminant livestock. This increases the sugar content in the blood of lactating cows by 10 mg% to 15 mg%, the alkali reserves by 90 mg% to 110 mg%, and the ketone content by 5 mg% to 7 mg%. This change in cow blood can improve it. Physiological status, normal calving, burdock will not suffer from indigestion. This is mainly due to an increase in the digestibility of straw, which is accompanied by an increase in feed intake (20% -40%), an increase in the amount of organic matter digested, and an increase in the amount of volatile fatty acids in animal body energy metabolites. It also means rumen microbes. Increase in the amount of bacterial protein synthesis, thereby increasing the supply of microbial protein to the body. This is the main mechanism by which microfeeds increase the weight of ruminants.
5 What are the main methods of straw micro-storage?
5.1 Cement pond micro-storage method This method is similar to the traditional silage silage method. The crop straws are chopped, and the bacteria solution is sprayed in proportion and put into the pool. The layers are compacted and sealed. The advantage of this method is that it is not easy to enter the water in the pool and has good sealing performance and durability.
5.2 Cavity micro-reservoir method This method is to select a place with high topography, hard soil, sunny drying, easy drainage, low groundwater level, close to the livestock house, and convenient access. Dig a rectangle cellar according to the storage volume (depth to 2- 3 meters is appropriate), put a layer of plastic film on the bottom and around the cellar, put the straw into the pool,
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