Chrysanthemum cultivation method and field management
Chrysanthemum, also known as chamomile, white chrysanthemum, tea chrysanthemum, medicinal chrysanthemum, small soup yellow, button chrysanthemum. Chrysanthemum morifolium has strong adaptability, but grows best in loose, fertile, moist loam or sandy loam. Normally, the culture soil is kept moist, and long-term over-wet should not be avoided, resulting in rot and affecting growth and development. Chrysanthemum Chrysanthemum is more resistant to cold, not tolerant to high temperatures, suitable temperature for growth is 15°C to 25°C, and flower beds exposed to above -5°C for safe wintering, and below -5°C for prolonged low temperature, leaves are frozen, dry and yellow, when the temperature rises Still can sprout leaves, buds and flowers.
Chrysanthemum cultivation method
I. Variety selection
Select and promote better-growing and better-savored varieties of late-young chrysanthemum and early-small-jumbo chrysanthemum, compress the chamomile, and eliminate the poor quality of the different species of chrysanthemum, so as to maintain the quality of Chrysanthemum and improve the overall quality of Chrysanthemum morifolium. The plots of seedbeds were selected and purified and rejuvenated during the growth period and flowering period last year to remove the miscellaneous plants.
Second, nurture strong seedlings
1. Seedling and land selection: Select a field with good soil fertility, high ground topography, and good growth of Chrysanthemum morifolium and less pests and diseases, and do a good job of removing weeds and safe wintering.
2, nurturing strong seedlings: After the spring of the seedbed to apply 200 kg of excrement, 100 kg of vegetation ash, around the open drainage ditch, elective transplant, the general growth speed in spring, the degree of lignification of the plant is low, not easy to survive, so choose to rainy days Or colonize before the rain to increase the survival rate.
3, strong seedlings choice: When transplanting, choose to grow well, no pests, plant height 12-25 cm, stout stems, developed roots of the chrysanthemum.
Third, Daejeon Management
1, the implementation of rotation: As the soil in the old area is more real, generally every two years for crop rotation, field continuous cropping, deep-turning should be changed, avoiding the original weight crops; the best choice for flood and dry crop rotation, will help reduce the disease.
2, base fertilizer and field finishing: before planting should be plowed once in Daejeon, and combined with soil preparation into the base fertilizer. According to the fertility of the field block, 1,000-1,500 kilograms of organic fertilizer is applied per acre, 1.2 meters wide and 0.3 meters wide, with a turtle-backed surface.
3, planting time and density:
Chrysanthemum planting time is generally in mid-April, the latest no later than the first half of May. The planting density depends on the farming system and the planting period. Generally, the number of seedlings per acre is between 3500 and 5000 plants. Late-planting plots should be appropriately increased in density. If there is an intercropping crop, inter-crop crops must be harvested before mid-July.
Planting methods: can be planted by hole planting or open planting and ditching, with a density of 1.2m to 20-30cm, 2 plants per hole, planting depth of 10-15cm, planting in the middle of each planting, applying phosphate fertilizer at 50kg/mu; planting Postponed, the plants are too large, and they can be properly planted when planting. After planting, the water must be poured to set the roots. In case of drought, it must be watered and drought-resistant to ensure the survival rate.
4. Planting mode: mainly using paddy-upland rotation and intercropping on dry land. Crop rotation can reduce disease and obtain high quality and high yield; Hangbaiju has a reproductive period of up to 8 months, and the growth is slow in the early stage. Farmers mostly use intercropping as the main , Sang (fruit) gardens, tobacco chrysanthemums, chrysanthemums (kidney beans, soybeans), chrysanthemums, etc., to improve the overall economic benefits. The interplanting crops were generally cleared before mid-July, and the strips and fertilizers were managed in time to ensure the normal growth of the seedlings in the later period. The proper management had little effect on the yield and quality of Chrysanthemum morifolium.
5, layering: Chrysanthemum layering 1-2 times, the first time after transplanting about a month, when the seedling height can be carried out when 30-50 cm, at this time the degree of lignification of the chrysanthemum, stem soft and easy to distribute Uniform. Before the layering, weeding and loosing soil shall be carried out. Applying 1,000 kg of bio-organic fertilizer or sheep-fat fertilizer on both sides of the chrysanthemum seedlings, the shoots shall be poured on both sides of the chrysanthemum, and the mud shall be pressed every 10 centimeters. Ensure that the shoots are fully in contact with the loose soil, which is beneficial to the rooting of the nodes and the growth of the lateral branches of the nodes. When the new collateral grows to about 20 centimeters, a second beading is performed. At this time, the direction of the bead is pressed from the dense to the dilute, so that the growth of the seedlings tends to be balanced, and it ends at the end of July at the latest.
6, topping (topping): Chrysanthemum topping heart can promote the balance between the growth of chrysanthemum branches and chrysanthemum branches to prevent lodging. After the beading time, the new shoots will be picked up when the shoot length reaches 10-15cm, taking into account the height of the new shoot and the balance of the whole garden, so that the lower branch buds will grow in a balanced manner and the flowering period will be neat. Production as a general trend, usually divided into 1-2 times, at present most of the farmers use a picking heart, picking the heart in June-August, so that the number of branches of the seedlings per mu of about 120,000. The topping must be finished at the end of August, and the late growth of Chrysanthemum is affected too late. The seedlings of Chrysanthemum again have weak branching, small flower buds, delayed flowering, and are vulnerable to early frost.
Fourth, fertilizer and water management
1, flood control and drought:
Chrysanthemum is a dryland crop that is sensitive to water, and fears of drought and drought. In particular, the effects of spring rain and rainy weather, such as poor drainage caused by blockage, are prone to rooting, and premature aging of the base leaves and even death of the whole plant. Therefore, it is necessary to do a good job (especially low-lying fields) to achieve drainage and irrigation, in order to improve the ventilation conditions and reduce pathogenic bacteria infection; in summer and autumn in case of long-term drought, dehydration and atrophy of chrysanthemum, weed irrigation in time To promote normal growth.
2, reasonable fertilization:
Daejeon fertilization principle: re-base fertilizer, light Miao Fei, topdressing branching fertilizer, reapply bud fertilizer. In the early stage, organic manure and farmyard manure were the main components, while in the latter stage, the quick-acting fertilizer was the main component. There are mainly the following fats:
(1) Base fertilizer: Before combining with site preparation, Chrysanthemum morifolium is planted with or applied with 1000-1500 kg of organic fertilizer per acre. The types of organic fertilizer are: human waste, sheep fat, duck dung, etc. With 50 kg of phosphate fertilizer.
(2) Live seedling fertilizer: After planting a living tree, 50-100 kg of human excrement is used, watered and poured to promote tree growth.
(3) Beading manure: Spread 1,000 kg per mu and urea 10-15 kg on both sides of the chrysanthemum planting line before the layering, and cover it with loose soil.
(4) Branching fertilizer: In August, after each topping, it is applied with 100-150 kilograms of human excrement water or 10 kg of compound fertilizer.
(5)Fertilizer: In the middle and early September, it is the budding stage of Chrysanthemum Chrysanthemum. At this time, it enters the period of growth and reproductive growth. It needs large amount of fertilizer, and 15-20 kg of urea or imported compound fertilizer is used to promote the increase and increase of buds. Large, flowering neat, applied 1-2 times depending on the growth condition.
V. Pest Control
1. Disease prevention and treatment: The disease of Chrysanthemum morifolium is mainly leaf blight, and the onset period is from June to September. Control methods: pay attention to rotation, reasonable density and drainage and dehumidification, chemical control can be used 50% carbendazim 500 times or 70% thiophanate-methyl 800 times or 5% Jinggangmycin 100 times prevention.
2, pest control:
The pests of Chrysanthemum morifolium mainly include aphids, noctuids and aphids, which can be controlled with high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides, and pesticides are suspended 15 days before harvest. It is forbidden to use highly toxic and high residue pesticides such as omethoate and methamidophos, and at the same time grasp the appropriate control period according to forecast and forecast.
Locust: Mostly occur from early September to October. More than 2% of leaves and buds have locusts for the appropriate period of control. Occurrence of locusts is controlled once every 7 days. Continuous control is 2-3 times, generally 10% imidacloprid 1000 is used. -1500 times.
Noctuidae: There are mainly Spodoptera litura, Spodoptera exigua, and Plutella xylostella etc. They began to become endangered at the end of August. They are generally controlled once every 7 days, 2-3 times in a row, and can be used for 1500 times or 10,000 times for 5% inhibition and 3,000 times for 10% safety. Prevention. (This type of drug is particularly sensitive to sericulture and must be isolated and controlled, and requires a special medicine bucket, after which it is cleaned with detergent); in the sangju mixed-planting area, it is recommended to use 50% phoxim 800-1000 times or 20% more Wei 1500 times to prevent and control.
6. Harvesting
According to the processing and usage, different picking standards were used: the full expansion of flower buds used for Chrysanthemum morifolium, and the petal just broke through the coating but did not stretch as a standard; generally, drinking chrysanthemum was distributed in the core of 20 to 50% as the standard; To spend 50-70% of the spread of the core as a standard, so that batch, grade harvest, generally 3 times. In case of low-temperature early frost, cover with straw or shading nets in time, and timely sell flowers or self-process after harvest.
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