Agaricus bisporus organic cultivation techniques
Nowadays, organic foods are increasingly favored by consumers. After products are certified by relevant departments, they can directly enter the international market, which can greatly increase the economic benefits of growers. At present, it has entered the cultivation season of Agaricus bisporus. The organic cultivation techniques of Agaricus bisporus are introduced as follows for reference.
First, the production process
The production process of the Agaricus bisporus is: building mushroom sheds - stock preparation - composting cultivation materials - fermentation and turning - sowing - sterilizing - casing soil - fruiting management - harvesting. Agaricus bisporus germination temperature is 22 °C ~ 25 °C, germination to mushroom takes about 40 days. The batch fermentation should be conducted one month before sowing.
Second, build a mushroom shed
Mushrooms should be built in places with good water quality, away from sources of pollution and sanitation in the surrounding environment. The mushroom shed is located facing south to the south, with a width of 1 meter below the wall and 0.8 meters above the top. Dig the ground down to a depth of 0.5 meters. The rear wall is 2.8 meters high and 2.3 meters high. There are two rows of vents. The front wall is 0.8 meters high and 0.3 meters high. A row of vents is provided, and the front and rear wall vents are Corresponding, the vent size is 0.3 meters and 0.3 meters. The shed is 9 meters wide (including front and rear walls), and the shed is 1.5 meters wide. A 0.7-meter-wide work road will be left in front of the North Wall, and a 0.5-meter-wide working track will be left in the daytime. The plastic film and straw will be placed on the shed.
Third, system training materials
Cultivation area per 100 square meters, the need for dry cow dung 1500 kilograms, wheat straw 1500 kilograms, 200 grams of bean cake, 40 grams of plaster, calcium carbonate 40 kilograms, phosphate rock powder 50 kilograms, lime 30 kilograms.
Fourth, build a heap fermentation
According to the recipe requirements, mix the culture materials and pre-wet for 3 to 5 days. Spread the pre-wetted straws about 15 cm thick, then spread 4 to 6 cm thick manure, and evenly spread the plaster and lime into the heap. Do not sprinkle on the sides and top of the pile to prevent loss. Repeatedly overlap so that it is piled up to 1.5 meters high. The pile is 1.8 meters wide and 10 meters long. Every time the pile is built, in order to increase the ventilation within the material, a bamboo tube can be inserted every 1 meter or so. When the pile to be built is completed, the bamboo tube is removed. At this time, it becomes a vent hole in the pile. After the completion of the construction of the pile, insecticides are sprayed on the surface, and when it rains, it should be covered with a film to prevent rain. Five days after the construction of the reactor, the reactor temperature reaches 75°C for the first time. When the reactor temperature reaches 75°C after 4 days, the reactor is turned for the second time. When the reactor temperature reaches 75°C after three days, a third turn is performed. In the next 3 days, the fourth turn is made. During the fourth turn, the material was transported into the shed, piled on the bed frame, and the vents and doors were closed so that the temperature naturally rose to 60°C. If the temperature did not reach 60°C, it could be warmed and maintained for 8 hours. Sterilization. Ventilation was started after sterilization, and the temperature was lowered to 48° C. to 52° C., and fermentation was performed for 4 days. When the culture material had no ammonia taste, the whole bed was sown.
Fifth, sowing
Smash the strains before sowing, spread 2/3 of the strains on the culture material, turn the strains over half of the material, and then level and smooth the material surface to make it uniform and thick. 1/3 of the bacteria spread on the surface of the material, and finally covered with film moisturizing. After sowing, pay close attention to changes in material temperature, can open vents or spray water on the ground to reduce the temperature, the temperature is controlled at 20 °C ~ 25 °C, air relative humidity of about 75%, to avoid direct sunlight.
Six, cover management
After ten days of germination, the soil can be covered. The cover soil to be used can be prepared after sowing. The clay is removed from the soil 20 cm below the wild slope, screened and dried to make a cover soil with 60% of coarse soil and 40% of fine soil. For every 100 square meters of soil, 3.3 cubic meters of soil is used, and 80 kg of lime is mixed in, and the water content is adjusted to 60%. The pH value is 8. Cover soil thickness is about 3 cm. The first day of the cover soil was not sprayed, and water spray was started on the second day of the cover soil to make the cover soil suck enough water. After 8 days, when the mycelium grows to more than 1 cm in the soil, a heavy water spray is used. After the water is sprayed, the ventilation is strengthened and the pollution is promptly treated. After 4 days, mushroom buds usually appear. After that, they enter the management of fruiting period. The moisture content of the cultivation material during the fruiting period should be maintained at 60% to 65%, and the relative humidity of the air should be maintained at about 90%. When the water is sprayed, the spray head is higher, and the water cannot be sprayed directly onto the fruit body. Ventilate every time after spraying. Ventilation of the wind head can not directly blow the fruit body.
Seven, timely harvest
When Agaricus bisporus grows to 3 to 4 cm in diameter, harvest it in time to prevent it from opening. Pick up the upper part of your hands while harvesting, and gently twist and twist them so as not to damage the soil. After the first tidal mushroom was harvested, the water was sprayed again to enhance ventilation, and the second tidal mushroom began to form again. In the autumn, generally, 3 tidal mushrooms are harvested, that is, in early December. At this time, attention should be paid to insulation, reducing water spray, reducing ventilation, removing cover from the shed, and increasing temperature in the drying area. Pay attention to prevent the cold wave from attacking and let the formed mushroom buds grow normally. In mid-December, the general shed is no longer covered with mushrooms. At this time, large sheds should be built. If the material inside the hyphae is still good, clean the bed surface immediately, remove the dead mushroom and mushroom root, dig the old mycelium in the soil, fill in the new soil, make a hole in the material and soil, spray the concentration of 2% once Lime water. During the winter, spray water twice a month. After the temperature rises in the spring of next year, continue to manage and harvest till the beginning of May. When the temperature exceeds 22°C, the mushroom will stop growing and the cultivation and management will end.
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