Which is better for large granular urea and small granular urea? Why is big grain urea more expensive?
Urea as a commonly used fertilizer, its development has been concerned by all parties, currently there are large particles and small particles in the market. In addition to the different particle sizes, large granular urea and small granular urea have different differences. In general, urea with a particle diameter greater than 2 mm is called large granular urea. The active ingredients of the large and small particles are water-soluble quick-acting urea molecules, and the nitrogen content is 46%. From the physics point of view, the only difference is the difference in particle size. The difference in urea particle size is derived from the difference between the granulation process and the equipment after the urea is produced in the plant.
1. From the price point of view, the price of large granular urea is slightly higher than that of small granular urea.
2, large granular urea relative to small particles of urea dust content is low, high compressive strength, good fluidity, can be transported in bulk, not easy to break and agglomerate, suitable for mechanized fertilization.
3. The large granular urea has a smaller surface area, and the dissolution rate is slightly slower after being applied to the soil, and the single grain weight is larger, and it can be submerged in the deeper soil in the paddy field to reduce the volatilization loss.
Through the large-scale field trials of tropical and subtropical rice, the International Fertilizer Development Center systematically concluded that large-grain urea as a base fertilizer and deep application of rice has significant agronomic and economic advantages and can improve nitrogen use efficiency. At the same time, it is believed that deep application of large granular urea in rice fields can reduce greenhouse gas N2O emissions. The main reason is that the release rate of mineral nitrogen is slowed down, which reduces the occurrence of denitrification.
Among them, many of the urea used in the test have a particle size of 7 mm or more. The method of application is carried out by hand or mechanically in the middle of the rice transplanting at a depth of 7 cm in the middle of the 4-hole rice.
The data show that the nitrogen utilization rate of rice large-grain urea can be as high as 65%, while the utilization rate of ordinary urea (1.5 mm) is only about 32%. The main reason for the test is to reduce the loss of ammonia volatilization. Some domestic units have also carried out partial tests on cotton fields, rice and Chinese cabbage. The results show that the rational application of large granular urea is more obvious than that of small urea.
Comparing the yield effect of large granular urea on cotton by cotton granule urea, the results of yield increase of large granule urea on cotton showed that the economic traits, yield and output value of cotton were superior to small granule urea. At the same time, it can promote cotton stability, prevent premature aging of cotton, and reduce the rate of cotton buds falling off.
4. Due to the different requirements of the processing technology on the concentration of urine, the biuret content in the general large-particle urea product is reduced, which is beneficial to the crop.
5. International research on the role of large granular urea in the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution has been carried out and reported.
For example, data published in Germany in 2006 showed that as the urea particle size increased, the ammonia volatilization loss decreased significantly, nitrification and N2O emissions were delayed, and NOx release was also reduced. In addition, international studies have suggested that the application of large urea on rice may increase the risk of nitrate leaching.
6. On the other hand, for the absorption and utilization of crops, urea is a molecular nitrogen. They are not directly absorbed by crops, and can be absorbed in large quantities after being converted into ammonium nitrogen in the soil.
Therefore, regardless of the particle size, urea should be applied a top dress a few days earlier than ammonium bicarbonate. In addition, the particle size of the large particle urea is similar to that of the diammonium phosphate particle size, so the large particle urea can be mixed with the diammonium phosphate as the base fertilizer, and it is better not to use the large particle urea as the top dressing and the flush fertilizer application. It should be noted here that large and small granular urea cannot be mixed with fertilizers with strong hygroscopicity such as ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate or ammonium hydrogencarbonate.
The direct application of large granular urea is not much. The main reason is the recognition problem, the deviation of fertilization target and the misleading of fertilization methods. From the perspective of development, large granular urea in crop yield, nutrient efficiency and control agriculture The role of non-point source pollution also needs market attention. This article is adapted from the article "Let the big particles of urea play its due role" (Cao Yiping, Chen Xinping)
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