Sweet potato breeding period pay attention to four aspects
In late March, the Beijing area entered the sweet potato breeding period. The quality of the potato seedlings is critical, and the strong seedlings need to increase production by about 10% compared with weak seedlings. Therefore, high yield of sweet potato, we must first cultivate disease-free strong seedlings. However, no matter which kind of nursery method is adopted, the following links should be noted:
First, select seed potatoes. Seed potatoes should be pure breeds with obvious characteristics of skin color, flesh color, shape, etc.; skin color should be bright and smooth, secondary roots should be few, and the size of the tubers should be moderate, disease-free, injury-free, free from frost damage, scorpion damage and mechanical damage. Vigorous potato chips. The bright white flesh of potato meat is normal, and any potato block is soft, potato skin is sunk, there are spots, there is no bright color, no sap in the cross section, or there are black tendons or hair bristles (stem nematode disease); To uniform size, a single weight of 150 ~ 250 grams of summer potato is appropriate. Seed potatoes must be selected in three choices: the time when they are in the pit; they should be selected when they are sterilized; they should be selected when they go out to bed.
Second, row seed. The number of sprouts of tubers was the highest at the top, followed by the middle, and the least at the tail. When sorting, pay attention to distinguish between head and tail, and avoid inverted rows. In general, the top of the skin is darker, with more pulp juice and less fine roots; the skin color of the tail is shallow, and the fine roots are numerous, and the direction of the base of the fine roots is downward. There is a big difference in the size of the tubers, and the best size of the tubers is divided. In order to ensure the emergence of seedlings, the seedlings should be kept in alignment. The large pieces of burial were deeper, and the smaller ones were shallower, so that the tops of the yam pieces were all on a level, so that the seedlings were neat and tidy. 20-25 kg per square meter is preferred. The oblique row method is used to press the tail with the head, and the top row of the potato can be pressed one-third of the first row of seed potatoes.
Third, seedbed management. The basic principle is "to urge people to give priority to refining, and then to promote refining and to combine refining".
(a) Early high-temperature germination. From the seedlings to the unearthed potato sprouts, they are predominantly reminders. The temperature of the bed should be raised to about 30°C before the seed tube is discharged. After the seeds are planted, the temperature of the bed is raised to 35°C and maintained for 3-4 days. Then it falls within the range of 32-35°C. The lowest temperature is not lower than 28°C, which serves as a germination and disease prevention effect. The seedbed without heating equipment must also take effective measures to increase the temperature inside the bed.
(b) Mid-term temperature and long seedlings. From the time that the potato seedlings are flushed to 3-4 days before picking, the temperature is appropriately reduced, and the number of seedlings and the growth rate are mainly attacked, but do not allow the seedlings to grow too fast. Pay attention to proper temperature control and avoid overheating. The temperature in the previous stage is not lower than 30°C, and then it gradually decreases to about 25°C.
(3) Late low-temperature hardening seedlings. Close to Daejeon, 3 to 4 days before planting, the bed temperature was reduced to near atmospheric temperature, the hotbed stopped heating, and the film and other cold insulation facilities were opened day and night to improve the adaptability of potato seedlings under natural temperature conditions.
(D) topdressing watering. If it is found that the leaves of the potato seedlings are small and yellow, it is necessary to replenish the available nitrogen fertilizer immediately. About 50 grams of urea per square meter. Open field nursery and nursery should be top-dressing. The type of fertilizer is dominated by nitrogen fertilizer. When there is no dew on the seedling leaves during the period of topdressing, the fertilizer will not stick to leaves and “burn†the potato seedlings. If there is residual fertilizer on the leaves, shake it off or sweep it in time. Water immediately after dressing.
(e) ventilation, drying. All the seedlings were flush. After the new leaves began to appear, select the sunny weather from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. to properly open the film for ventilation. Cut the seedlings for 3 to 4 days. Take the airing during the day and cover at night to achieve ventilation. purpose.
(six) low temperature hardening seedlings. 5 to 6 days before the seedlings to the seedlings at the late seedlings at low temperature to improve the adaptability of the seedlings to the field. At this point should be poured a large water, then stop watering, seedlings. The temperature of the bed was reduced to about 20°C 3 days before the emergence of the seedlings, and the seedlings were gradually removed. However, it was necessary to prevent the film from being too fierce and the phenomenon of dead leaves occurred.
Fourth, timely picking seedlings. The selection of strong seedlings and the use of high-cut seedlings to collect seedlings can largely prevent the potato seedlings from carrying germs. It is not recommended to raise seedlings. This will easily bring pathogens from the bases of potato meat and potato sprouts into the field, causing increased disease. Collect seedlings at 3-5 cm from the ground. Strong seedling standard: Individual leaves of potato seedlings are hypertrophic, dark in color, thick at the top of the growth, short in internodes, thick in stems, and disease-free. The roots of the stem base are thick and white and tender, and the seedlings are 20-25 cm long; the entire seedlings are not crisp and tender. Not aging. The stem is about 5 mm thick, and there are no aerial roots and lesions on the seedling stems. The seedlings are robust and strong, with more milk.
Known as Goji (Lycium Barbarum L), Wolfberry, or Chinese Matrimony Vines. They are native to China.
[Organic certificates]USDA, EU standard
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