Goose habits and feeding management techniques
First, living habits
1, hi water goose habits in the water play, feeding and courtship mating, about 1/3 of the time each day in the water, only when the egg production, feeding, rest and sleep when they return to the land. Therefore, wide water areas and good water sources are one of the important environmental conditions for geese.
2. The gregarious domestic geese have strong gregariousness. They line up neatly when walking and spread within a certain range when they grazing. When the goose is alone, they will shout loudly. Once they get their companionship, gooses will follow the group. If individual geese are found not to leave the team for a long time, their incidence is very high and prevention and control work should be done as soon as possible.
3, herbivorous goose foraging activity, feed mainly plant, can eat a lot of natural forage grass, generally non-toxic, no special odor of weeds and aquatic plants are available for geese to eat. Each adult geese can eat 2 kilograms of grass every day. Goslings can graze from 1 day of age. Therefore, grazing should be done as much as possible. If feeding, gooses should be planted with high-quality forages to ensure adequate supply of green fodder. The goose does not have a hernia sac. The esophagus is a simple long tube. It has a large volume and can accommodate more food. When the food is stored, the esophagus of the neck is spindle-shaped. The goose has no teeth, but there are many nipples along the edges of the tongue. These nipples are staggered with the mouth plate and can cut off the green feed. The muscles of the goose are strong and powerful. The feed is basically ground in the muscles and stomach. Adding a small amount of fine sand to the feed, or placing fine sand on the playground, helps the goose grind and digest the feed.
4, cold resistance Adult geese cold resistance is very strong, in the winter can still swim, open overnight. When the goose is combing feathers, it is often used to press the tail fat glands, excrete secretions, and coat the feathers so that the feathers are not soaked by the water, which forms a waterproof and cold feature. General geese can still be active in water at low temperatures around 0°C; at temperatures around 10°C, high egg production rates can still be maintained.
5. Nesting The majority of goose species have a nesting nature. During a breeding cycle, each nest egg (about 8-12) will be produced and production will cease until the gosling hatches.
6. Alert geese have a very sensitive hearing and are very alert. When they meet strangers or other animals, they will shout out loud to warn them. Some geese even use snipers or wrestling. In the brooding room, male goose can be used as a guard to prevent animals such as cats, dogs and mice from entering the house.
7. Nocturnal egg-laying geese usually produce eggs at night. The geese will not rest in the egg nest at night, but only enter the nest for about half an hour before the egg is laid. After the egg is laid, it will leave for a moment to leave. When most of the nests are occupied, some gooses will postpone the laying time, which affects the normal production of the goose. Therefore, the nests in the goslings should be full and the bedding should be changed frequently.
8. Regularity of life Geese have good conditional reflexes and the rhythm of activity shows a strong regularity. Grazing, mating, feeding, washing feathers, resting and laying eggs all have a fixed time when grazing. Moreover, once the life rhythm of each goose is formed, it will not be easy to change. If the original egg-laying nest is moved, the goose will refuse to lay eggs or live eggs. Therefore, the feeding management procedure should not be changed easily.
Second, feeding and management (a) goslings (from the shell to 4 weeks of age)
1, brooding environment (1) brooding room renovation and disinfection: brooding room requirements warm, dry, good insulation properties, air circulation, no thief. Before going into the goslings, make preparations: check the brooding room, renovate the doors and windows, and brooding equipment. Go into the geese 2-3 days before, clean the brood room and sterilize with a disinfectant solution. The walls are brushed with 20% lime milk. The ground is sprayed with 5% bleach suspension; the sealed brood chamber can be fumigated (per cubic meter. Space use 15 grams of potassium permanganate, formalin 30 ml, fumigation closed doors and windows for 48 hours); feed bowls, drinking fountains and other first with 2% sodium hydroxide solution spray or wash, and then rinse with water; litter ( Grass) etc. exposed to sunlight for 1-2 days before use.
(2) Temperature: The appropriate temperature is one of the key factors to improve the survival rate of brooding. Whether the brooding temperature is appropriate or not can be judged based on the activity and performance of the goslings. When the temperature is too low, the goslings approach the heat source and concentrate in piles. They crowd together and make sharp calls from time to time. When the temperature is too high, the goslings are far away from heat, gasping open their mouths, uneasy actions, frequent drinking, and reduced appetite; when the temperature is appropriate The goslings are evenly distributed, quiet, and appetite prosperous. Avoid high temperatures and low temperatures during brooding to avoid sick goslings. Brooding insulation should follow the following principles: small group is slightly higher, group size is slightly lower; night is slightly higher, slightly lower during the day; weak younger is slightly higher, younger chicks are slightly lower; winter is slightly higher and summer is slightly lower.
(3) Humidity: The brooding room should be kept dry and clean, and the relative humidity should be controlled within 60-70%. High humidity is a big taboo for brooding. To prevent the humidity in the brooding room from being too high, it is necessary to change the litter frequently, not to spill the water, and to enhance ventilation.
(4) Grouping: Before the goslings start boiling water and start eating, they should be given different insulation systems and boiling water for the first time depending on the hatching time and the physical strength. On the second day after the start of eating, according to the feed intake of the goslings, the second group was divided into two groups to feed and feed the goslings that did not eat or eat very little. During the brooding stage, we regularly divide the groups according to their strength and size, and eliminate diseased young people in time. Each group of goslings is suitable for 100-150 feathers. The group is divided into several small columns with 25-30 feathers per column and the appropriate breeding density is arranged. Goslings like to gather in groups, crowded when the temperature is low, prone to crushing, crushing phenomenon. When crowded, the breeders must promptly disperse the geese.
2, feeding and management (1) water and open food: the first time the goslings out of the water after the shell is called "water" or "tidal mouth." Generally, 24 to 36 hours after the gosling emerges, 2/3 of the goslings in the brooding room will “boiling water†when they have foraging. The water temperature of “boiling water†is appropriate at 25°C, and 0.05% potassium permanganate solution or 5-10% glucose water and water containing a suitable amount of complex vitamin B fluid can be used. When you "water", gently press the head of the goose into the water and let it drink. After boiling water, you can eat it. The starter diet can be used with goslings with compound feed, or with crushed groats and chopped greens (a ratio of 1:1), or steamed glutinous rice with some fresh grass. When you eat, you can sprinkle the prepared full-price feed on a plastic film or straw mat to induce young geese to eat freely. Can also be self-made 30-40 cm long, 15-20 cm wide, 3-5 cm high wooden trough feeding, inserted around the height of 15-20 cm, spacing 3-5 cm bamboo sticks, to prevent the goslings jump into the slot Within the fouling feed. The first feeding does not require the gosling to feed, as long as it can feed a little feed. After 2-3 hours, use the same method to adjust, after a few times the goslings will automatically feed.
(2) Feeding times and methods Feeding water should be sufficient for the brooding period, and small meals should be provided for feeding. Within 1 week of age, feed 6-8 times a day. In the first 3 days, the number of feedings may be less, feeding about 6 times a day; after 4 days of age, feeding 8 times a day; 10-20 days feeding 6 times a day; 20 days after feeding 4 times a day (including night 1 time). When feeding, the concentrate and green feed should be fed separately. Feed the concentrate and feed the green feed. This will prevent the goslings from picking up the green feed and eating less, so that the goslings feed on the full-rate feed. The need for nutrients for goslings prevents diarrhea from eating too much green feed.
(3) Gosling fodder: In the early brooding period, the proportion of fine material and green feed is approximately 1:2. Gradually, the proportion of green and green fodder is gradually increased. After 10 days of age, the proportion is changed to 1:4. The concentrate should be full-priced fodder.
(4) Grazing and water release: Spring brooding starts from 5-7 days of grazing. Choose sunny, wind-free weather, and feed the goslings on a flat, tender grass near the brooding room to allow them to freely eat grass. When the grazing is started, the time is short, usually about 1 hour, and gradually extended later. No grazing can be done on rainy or hot days. Graze geese to go slower when grazing. After one week of grazing, when the temperature is appropriate, you can combine the release of water to drive the goslings to a shallow water place, let them go into the water, play in the water, and do not forcibly rush into the water to prevent cold and cold. The specific age of the day when grazing and watering is started depends on the temperature, and it can be 1-2 days in advance in summer and a few days in winter. The time and distance of grazing should increase with the increase of the age, and gradually shift to grazing, in order to exercise the physical and foraging ability of the goslings, reduce feeding of concentrates, and reduce the cost of feeding.
(5) Sanitation and epidemic prevention: Clean the site frequently, change the litter, keep the brooding room clean and dry, clean the feeding trough and drinking fountain every day, disinfect the brooding environment, and vaccinate according to the immunization plan. At the same time, we must prevent rats and snakes from harming goslings.
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