Implementation plan of water and fertilizer integration and future development prospects
Water and fertilizer integration technology is a new agricultural technology that integrates watering and fertilization. It has the characteristics of saving fertilizer and water, saving labor and labor, saving time and electricity, and increasing production efficiency. Compared with traditional flood irrigation, it can save more than 30% of water, 30%-50% of fertilizer, labor cost by about 70%, water and fertilizer utilization rate of more than 90%, and large-scale application and application will be considerable. Economic and social benefits.
Water and fertilizer integration technology is a new agricultural technology that integrates irrigation and fertilization. Water and fertilizer integration is based on the pressure system (or natural topography), the soluble solid or liquid fertilizer, according to the soil nutrient content and the fertilizer requirements and characteristics of the crop type, together with the fertilizer solution and irrigation water.
Through the water supply and fertilizer supply of the controllable pipeline system, the water and fertilizer are blended, and drip irrigation, uniformity, timing and quantification are formed through the pipeline and the dripper to infiltrate the root growth and growth area of ​​the crop, so that the main root soil always maintains a loose and suitable water content. At the same time, according to the characteristics of fertilizers, soil environment and nutrient content of different crops; the demand for water in different growth periods of crops, the demand for fertilizers, and the design of different growth stages, the water and nutrients are regularly quantified and directly supplied to the crops in proportion.
Water and fertilizer integration scope
The technology is suitable for fixed water sources such as wells, reservoirs, reservoirs, etc., and has good water quality, meets micro-irrigation requirements, and has been built or conditionally built for the promotion and application of micro-irrigation facilities. It is mainly suitable for greenhouse cultivation of crops such as agricultural cultivation, orchard cultivation and cotton, as well as other crops with good economic benefits.
Advantages of tax and fee integration
Compared with traditional fertigation measures: water and fertilizer integration technology can improve the utilization rate of water and fertilizer, ensure the balanced supply of water and nutrients to each crop, thus saving water and fertilizer, reducing the amount of pesticides, and making agricultural products safer. Taking grapes as an example, the water requirement is 5-10 m3/mu after water and fertilizer integration, which is 30%-40% more than traditional flood irrigation;
Through the ditch backfilling method, the grape needs to use 100kg/mu of compound fertilizer, 20kg/mu of potassium fertilizer and 30kg/mu of diammonium, and only 55kg/mu of liquid fertilizer is used after integrated management of water and fertilizer. The watering and fertilization of the Huishengyuan Ecological Farm requires 8 workers to finish the work in 6 days. After using the water and fertilizer integration technology, only one worker can finish the watering and fertilizing for 2 days, saving more than 90% of the labor.
The Notice of the General Office of the Ministry of Agriculture on Printing and Distributing the Implementation Plan for the Promotion of Water and Fertilizer Integration (2016-2020) pointed out that in order to vigorously develop water-saving agriculture, control the total amount of agricultural water, promote the implementation of zero growth of fertilizer use, and improve water resource utilization. Water and fertilizer integration is the only way to ensure national food security, develop modern water-saving agriculture, transform agricultural development methods, and promote sustainable agricultural development.
How to implement water and fertilizer integration
Water and fertilizer integration is a comprehensive technology involving farmland irrigation, crop cultivation and soil cultivation. The main technical essentials must pay attention to the following four aspects:
First, establish a drip irrigation system. In terms of design, the depth, length and area of ​​the irrigation system should be designed according to the basic conditions such as terrain, field, unit, soil texture, crop planting mode and water source characteristics. The irrigation method of water and fertilizer integration can be pipe irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, micro sprinkler irrigation, pump pressure drip irrigation, gravity drip irrigation, seepage irrigation, and small tube outflow. It is especially forbidden to use large water flooding, which is easy to cause nitrogen loss and also reduce water utilization.
Second, the fertilization system. It should be designed in the field for quantitative fertilization, including the location, capacity, export, fertilization pipeline, distributor valve, pump fertilizer pump, etc. of the reservoir and the mixed fertilizer tank.
Third, choose the right type of fertilizer. Optional liquid or solid fertilizer, such as ammonia, urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, magnesium sulfate and other fertilizers; solid powder or small Block is preferred, requires high water solubility, contains less impurities, generally should not use granular compound fertilizer (including Chinese and foreign products); if using biogas slurry or humic acid fertilizer, it must be leaked to avoid blocking the pipeline.
Fourth, the operation of fertigation.
1. Fertilizer dissolving and mixing: no need to stir or mix when applying liquid fertilizer. Generally, solid fertilizer needs to be mixed with water to form liquid fertilizer, and if necessary, separate to avoid precipitation and other problems.
2. Fertilization control: The dosage should be mastered when fertilizing, and the suitable concentration for injecting fertilizer is about 0.1% of the irrigation flow. For example, the irrigation flow rate is 50m3/mu, and the injected fertilizer liquid is about 50 liters/mu; excessive application may cause crop death and environmental pollution.
3. The process of fertigation is divided into three stages: the first stage, using water without fertilizer; the second stage, using fertilizer solution for irrigation; the third stage, washing the irrigation system with water without fertilizer.
In short, water and fertilizer integration technology is an advanced technology that is cost-effective and efficient. In the case of qualified agricultural areas, as long as the previous investment is resolved, and technical support is provided, promotion and application will become an effective measure to increase farmers' income. .
Water and fertilizer integration effect
Saving fertilizer, saving water, saving labor, reducing humidity, reducing disease, increasing production efficiency
First, water and fertilizer balance
Traditional watering and topdressing methods, the crops hungry for a few days and then for a few days, can not even "eat and drink." The use of scientific irrigation methods can be supplied at any time according to the fertilizer requirements of crops, ensuring that the crops are “comfortable to eat and drink very wellâ€!
Second, save labor and time
The traditional ditch irrigation and fertilization costs are very troublesome. With drip irrigation, just open the valve and close the switch, almost no work.
Third, water saving and fertilizer
The integration of drip irrigation and water and fertilizer directly transports the fertilizer needed by the crop to the root of the plant evenly with the water. The crops “really drink slowlyâ€, which greatly improves the utilization rate of fertilizer, can reduce the amount of fertilizer used by 50%, and the amount of water is also reduced. Only 30%-40% of furrow irrigation.
Fourth, reduce the disease
Many diseases in the greenhouse are caused by soil-borne diseases and spread with running water. Such as pepper blight, tomato blight, etc., drip irrigation can directly and effectively control the occurrence of soil-borne diseases. Drip irrigation can reduce the humidity in the shed and reduce the occurrence of diseases.
Five, temperature control and humidity control
Drip irrigation in winter can control the amount of water, reduce humidity and increase ground temperature. The traditional furrow irrigation will cause soil compaction and poor permeability. The roots of the crops are in anoxic state, causing rooting phenomenon. The use of drip irrigation avoids problems such as crop roots and yellow leaves caused by excessive watering.
6. Increase production, improve quality and improve economic efficiency
The investment in drip irrigation (including pipelines, fertilization tanks, power equipment, etc.) is about 1,000 yuan/mu, which can be used for about 5 years. The annual fertilizer and pesticides saved are at least 700 yuan, and the increase rate can reach more than 30%.
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