High-yielding Dairy Cattle Management
Dry period: This refers to the period of time before milking is stopped 15 days before delivery. Feeding during this period is important for milk production, regeneration of metabolic tissue during milk production, and accumulation of energy and protein in the body. The dry period is generally 60 days - 75 days. Dry milk cows need lower energy and protein than other stages, and should control the feed of concentrates and juicy materials. The diet should be based on roughage, and high quality hay should be fed. The crude to coarse ratio should be 1:4. Not less than 20%, should also feed minerals, salt, etc., and feed sugar beet slag. Perinatal period: refers to the 15 days before and after the cows are delivered. The perinatal period is the key to increase milk production during lactation. During this period, the energy and crude protein needed by cows increased slightly compared to the dry period, with the highest crude fiber content and the lowest calcium content. Two weeks before delivery, the amount of concentrate feeding can be gradually increased, but it must not exceed 1% of body weight. The amount of calcium fed must be reduced to prevent hypercalcemia induced milk fever. Immediately after delivery, the cow should be driven to avoid excessive bleeding and prepare warm bran soup (20°C-30°C) for the cow to drink. The first milking should be done 1-1 and a half hours after delivery, but do not squeeze. Observe the appetite, feces, rumination, and mental status of the cows. If any abnormalities are found, they should be treated promptly. One to two days after childbirth, the concentrate can be fed gradually and fed at a daily rate of 0.45 kg. Silage and tuber feeding must be controlled. Two weeks after giving birth, after the cows had good appetite, normal digestion, and disappearance of physiological physiology of the breast, the diet was fed on a standard basis and gradually fed with silage and roots. The rough ratio is 2:3 and the crude fiber content is not less than 23%. Pre-lactation: refers to the end of lactation period after 15 days of cow delivery, generally refers to 16 days to 100 days after delivery. Pre-milk cows have the highest energy, crude protein, and phosphorus content, with the lowest crude fiber content. It is necessary to feed high-energy feeds and maintain a good appetite for dairy cows. Eat as much dry matter and concentrate as possible, but not excessive amounts. In order to prevent metabolic diseases and obtain high yields and stable yields, the number of feedings can be appropriately increased, from 3 times to 4 or 5 times, and more feeds of good quality and good palatability are fed. At the peak of lactation, 2 kg of grass powder can be mixed in the concentrate to increase the appetite of the cow. Balance the feeding throughout the day to stabilize the cow's ruminal pH and reduce digestive tract disease. Practice has proved that lack of dry matter intake or feed quality in pre-lactation is not good, high-yield cows prone to metabolic diseases such as ketosis, and even cause ovarian insufficiency, heat, and reduce reproductive performance. High-yielding dairy cows are mated for about 70 days after giving birth, and generally do not exceed 90 days. Those who do not have heat or estrus should be promptly inspected, and they should look for reasons from nutrition and management. If there is any disease, timely treatment. Mid-lactation: Generally refers to 101 days to 200 days after childbirth. During this period, the dairy cows had the most appetite. Since the milk production began to decline (8% to 10%), the cows should be allowed to eat more. The amount of raw material should be increased in the diet to reduce the amount of concentrate and keep the lactation curve steady. Drop to prevent weight loss. Late lactation: the end of lactation, dry milk for a period of time before, generally refers to the postpartum 201 days until dry milk, lactation is the highest period of body fat for feed conversion, in order to restore dairy body lice, the amount of feed should be increased, but to Prevent cattle from being too fat. Cows at all stages of the dairy farm should be managed in groups (troughs), and the work schedules such as milking, feeding, drinking, cleaning, and rest should be properly arranged, and the schedule should not be changed easily. Strict implementation of the veterinary health system, regular epidemic prevention, regular cleaning and disinfection, summer to prevent heatstroke, winter to keep warm.
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