Grass Coral

The grass coral, scientifically known as *Sarcandra glabra* (Thunb.) Nakai, is a medicinal plant commonly referred to as Nine Tea, Simmering Wind, or Elderberry. It has a spicy, bitter, and neutral taste, and is widely used for its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, detoxifying, and dehumidifying properties. It also helps in removing wind, relieving blood stasis, and promoting the circulation of energy through the bones. Traditionally, it has been used to treat various inflammatory conditions, rheumatic joint pain, swellings, bruises, and fractures. In recent years, it has gained attention for its potential in treating cancers such as pancreatic, gastric, rectal, liver, and esophageal cancer. Morphologically, grass coral is a perennial herb or sub-shrub that grows up to 50–120 cm tall. The stems are upright, green, and smooth, with prominent longitudinal ridges between the nodes. The leaves are opposite, leathery, and ovate-oblong in shape, measuring 6–16 cm long and 3–7 cm wide. They have an acuminate tip, a cusp or wedge-shaped base, and coarsely serrated margins, except near the base. Each leaf has a single gland at the teeth. The small yellowish-green flowers are unisexual and grow in clusters at the top of the plant. The fruit is a drupe-like berry, which turns bright red when cooked. Flowering occurs from August to September, and fruits mature from October to November. Grass coral typically grows in the understory of evergreen broad-leaved forests at elevations between 400 and 1500 meters. It thrives in warm, humid climates with cool temperatures, avoiding direct sunlight and high heat. It prefers deep, loose, slightly acidic sandy loam soils rich in humus, and avoids compacted or waterlogged areas. Its root system is fibrous and mainly found in the topsoil, making it easy to uproot during harvest. However, it has strong regenerative abilities, often sprouting from rhizomes near the ground, forming dense clusters. Seedlings usually start producing usable parts within the second year after planting. Cultivation techniques include selecting suitable land, preparing the site, and using propagation methods like cuttings, seeds, and ramets. For cuttings, young shoots are cut into sections, soaked in rooting hormones, and planted in shaded nurseries. Seeds should be collected when ripe, stored with wet sand, and sown in spring. Ramet propagation involves cutting the above-ground part and transplanting the rooted sections directly into the field. Field management includes regular weeding, irrigation, fertilization, and intercropping with shade-providing crops like corn to mimic natural growing conditions. Pests and diseases are rare due to the plant’s strong resistance, but poor shading can lead to sunburn on leaves. Harvesting is typically done in autumn, where the plant is cut 5–10 cm above the ground, cleaned, and dried for medicinal use. Leaves are considered more potent than roots and stems, so they are often harvested selectively. A single acre can yield 200–300 kg of dry material, with yields increasing over time. High-quality herbs are free from weeds, dirt, insect damage, and mold, ensuring their value in traditional medicine.

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