High-calcium Feed Hazards to Broilers
Calcium is the main component of bones and egg shells. Its main function is to promote bone growth, form egg shells, regulate the normal activities of nerves and muscles, and maintain acid-base balance in the body. If the level of calcium in the diet is unreasonable (too high or too low), there is a significant adverse effect on the health and productivity of the breeder and its offspring. The nutritional standards for broiler breeders during the egg production period require that the calcium content in the feed be 2.8%-3.3%. In actual production, the calcium content in the feed is often higher than this range.
Visceral visceral gout: Poultry gout is a nutritional metabolic disease characterized by the accumulation of urate in the poultry due to the disorder of protein metabolism in the body, which is characterized by deposition on the surface of internal organs and other interstitial tissues. There are many causes of visceral gout, one of which is due to improper calcium and phosphorus ratio in feed and high calcium content (50% over standard). The pathological changes were: urinary acid deposits on the surface of the pericardium, liver, spleen, mesentery, and peritoneum. The kidneys were swollen and stained. The renal surface and tubular were filled with white urate; ureters. Expansion, obviously thickened.
Kidney and ureteral stones: The causes of kidney and ureteral calculi are the same as those of visceral gout. Sometimes kidney and ureteral stones appear at the same time as gout. The pathological changes are: 3-4 times of renal enlargement, the surface was yellow and white betel-like appearance; a large number of white urate precipitated in the kidney; unilateral or bilateral ureter significantly thickened, ureter and tubular full of uric acid Salt crystals.
The reason that the high calcium diet causes the hatching rate of the broiler breeder eggs to decrease is that the long-term consumption of the high-calcium diet in the broiler breeder causes changes in the eggshell quality of the breeder egg, resulting in an increase in eggshell density and relatively thickening of the eggshell, thereby lowering the eggshell. The permeability prevents the internal and external exchange of gas and moisture, and the eggs do not reach the normal rate of water loss (12%-13%). Decreasing the rate of water loss will reduce the air chamber of the egg, which will cause the content of oxygen in the air chamber to decrease, resulting in the lack of oxygen in the hatching of the hatching chicks, and the difficulty in shell breaking, resulting in a drop in the hatching rate of the hatching eggs.
High-calcium diets cause excessive phosphorus-deficient calcium and phosphorus combined calcium phosphate excreted from the body, reducing the absorption rate of phosphorus. Phosphorus reduction, increase urinary calcium levels, stress on the kidneys, high calcium and low phosphorus diet can easily cause kidney, ureteral stone disease. High-calcium diets affect the absorption of manganese Calcium and phosphorus content in feed is too high, making the utilization of manganese lower. High-calcium, high-phosphorus calcium phosphate precipitates in the intestine, precipitated manganese is excreted from the body, resulting in the lack of manganese in the body. When the broiler breeders are deficient in manganese, they often show reduced egg production, low hatching rate of hatching eggs, and poor embryo development after hatching. High-calcium diets can cause diarrhea in breeder chickens. When broiler breeders first start to change their egg production diets, if the calcium content is high, diarrhea can easily occur. The reason is that the addition of stone powder in the feed stimulates the intestinal tract to speed up intestinal motility.
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