Gold Honey No. 3 Peach Cultivation Technology
1 Introduction performance
The experimental park is located in Niujiagou Village, Dasheng Township, Anqiu City. It belongs to a temperate continental monsoon climate with moderate annual temperatures and moderately distinct seasons. The average annual precipitation is 646.3mm, the average temperature is 12.20°C, and the average annual sunshine hours is 2520.1 hours. Hot same season, frost-free period 195~210d. The orchard soil is yellow-brown soil with a pH of 6.6-7.2 with moderate soil fertility. The test garden area is 2hm2, and planted on March 15, 2015. The plant spacing is 4.0m1.8m. The second year after planting, the yield was 7590kg/hm2, and the output was 21750kg/hm2 in the third year. The selling price was as high as 8 yuan/kg, and the economic benefit was very significant.
1.1 Fruit Economic Traits
The fruit is nearly round, the average fruit weight is 215~260g, the peel color is golden yellow, more than 80% of the fruit surface is bright red, the golden flesh is yellow, the bagged fruit surface is golden yellow, the appearance is beautiful, the pulp is hard solute, the flavor is sweet, the aroma Rich, sticky nucleus, soluble solid content 13% ~ 17%, excellent quality resistance to storage and transportation.
1.2 Growth Result Habits
Tree vigor, Shuzi half open. The saplings grow faster with the result of medium-long fruiting branches, and the fruiting period is dominated by the results of medium and short branches. The flower buds have low initial node, more frequent buds, bell-shaped flowers, pollen, and self-fruiting. Mature in early August, the fruit development period is about 125 days, the fruit setting rate is high, the yield is high, after 10 d, it is not soft, there is no cracking nucleus and fruit cracking phenomenon, the physiological fruit drop is light.
2 Early high-yielding cultivation techniques
2.1 Building Park
Choose a site with lots of sunshine, fertile soil, good drainage, and convenient transportation. Before the planting, deep plowing was carried out on the construction site, and then the planting ditch with a width of 70 cm and a depth of about 50 cm was dug based on the north-south direction of the planting line. Seedlings use high quality seedlings with a height of 1.5m or more, a ground diameter of 1.0cm or more, a good root system, and no pests and diseases.
2.2 Soil Fertilizer Water Management
After planting, pour enough water. After the first watering, pour 2nd water after 5~7d. When the new shoot length is 5cm, fertilize in time, use nitrogen as the main fertilizer, apply 30~50g of urea per plant, and apply water according to soil moisture when fertilizing; when the new shoot grows to 20~30cm, apply urea 50g/plant + compound fertilizer 50g/plant When the new shoot grows to 50cm, Shi Sanyuan compound fertilizer is 100g/plant. The fertilization method is cross-point application with foliar spray fertilizer. The foliar spray fertilizer is mainly composed of 0.3% urea or 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. . Into the early July after the timely control of tree vegetative growth, no longer apply nitrogen fertilizer, can increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, try not to water; spray spray 15% paclobutrazol 100 to 300 times in late July, spray 10 ~ After 15 days, the same concentration of paclobutrazol was sprayed one more time, prompting the tree shoots to stop growing in the middle or late August. Take the above measures to promote the post-control, and after the autumn leaves fall, the number of flower buds per plant can generally reach 300-500. In September, 1 base fertilizer was applied, organic fertilizer 5kg/plant and ternary compound fertilizer 150g/plant were applied, and the mixture was applied in open gutters, laying a good foundation for the second year results.
2.3 Shaping
After planting, the dry height is 50~60cm. Using the "Y" shape tree, only 2 main branches are selected. The result is that the branches are directly planted on the main branch, distributed around the main branch, mainly on both sides, generally no large-responsive branch groups are cultivated, and the whole tree is formed after forming. Can produce 60 to 80 branches of different sizes, the tree height 2.5 ~ 3.0m. After budding, two buds in the east-west direction were selected to conduct two main branch cultures. The distance between the two main branch buds was about 10 cm. In addition to the two main branch buds, the other side branches were towed at about 30 cm to accelerate the growth of the two main branches. "Y" shape does not require too much trimming during the summer, and only the competition branches are topping up, and the back branches and strong growth branches are properly removed. If the two main branches are too small, they can be pulled in the middle of July. Open angle, grasp the angle between the two main branches around 60.
In the first year of winter cutting, about 20 branches of each tree were left to be trimmed, and other branches were completely removed. The two main branches were left short of 50 to 60 cm. After the second year of planting, the results should begin. At this time, it is necessary to cultivate strong main branches, increase the amount of branches, maintain the advantages of the main branches, and control the thickness of the lateral branches, such as thick and too fast lateral branches, should be sparse during the growing season. Wang branch. When the winter cuts, the branches with a thickness of more than 1/3 of the thickness of the trunk are to be removed, and the oblique branches with a moderate height are preserved. In the third year after planting, the peach tree enters the full fruit period. At this time, it is necessary to maintain the strength of the two main branches, balance the tree vigor of the stem and the result branches, the upper and lower parts of the canopy, and control the thickness of the lateral branches and the parts The trunk ratio of 1:3 to 5 is to remove the upper part of the canopy densely and excessively, so as to promote the upper part of the results and reduce the upper tree vigor with the pressure, so as to prevent the phenomenon of “stronger and weakerâ€.
2.4 Pest Control
The local peach pests and diseases mainly include aphids, red spiders, pear borer, leaf leaf moth, and peach perforation. Spray 3~5B lime sulfur before germination to kill overwintering eggs and overwintering germs. After germination, attention is paid to the control of aphids. It can be sprayed with 10% imidacloprid 2000 times and 2.5% lambda-cyhalothrin 3000 times. Before and after the wheat harvest, attention was paid to the control of red spiders, which can be controlled by spraying with 10% konjac 2000 times liquid. For pests such as Pyrosphaeridae, Scarabaeida, Peach Leafminer, etc., carbendazime at 5.7% and chlorbenzuron at 2,000 times can be sprayed. For peach bacterial perforation, 70% propionic zinc 800 times solution and 70% thiophanate-methyl 1000 times solution can be sprayed and controlled.
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