Feeding Management of Newborn Calves
1. The first hour after birth
(1) To ensure that the calf breathing calf after birth is not related to dystocia if it is not breathing or breathing difficulties, the mucus must first be removed from the nose and mouth by making the calf's head lower than the rest of the body or lifting it for a few seconds The mucus is allowed to flow out; then artificial breathing is used to induce breathing, and a rice straw can be used to scratch the calf's nostrils or cold water on the calf's head to stimulate breathing.
(2) After the navel is sterilized and breathes normally, he or she should immediately pay attention to whether or not the navel is bleeding, as if it were stopped with a clean cotton. After a few centimeters of residual umbilical cord blood has been squeezed out, it must be soaked or smeared on the umbilical cord with high concentrations of iodine (7%) or other disinfectants.
After two days of birth, the calf should be checked for infection. Normally, it should be very soft. If infected, the calf is depressed, and the umbilical cord area is red and tender. If the umbilical cord infection may soon develop into sepsis (ie the blood is infected by bacteria), the latter often causes death. After mating, dry the calf with a clean straw or sack.
(3) The calf's birth data must be registered and kept permanently. Newborn calves should be marked permanently. The methods of marking are: putting rings, metal or plastic ear tags engraved with numbers on the neck rings, stamping, freezing and imprinting, and photographs.
(4) Colostrum fed to colostrum contains a large amount of nutrients and biologically active substances (globin, interferon and lysozyme) to ensure the growth and development needs and improve disease resistance. It is very important for calves to be fed colostrum. However, there are four issues that must be considered when feeding colostrum: First, is the quality of colostrum good? The second is the amount of colostrum fed. The amount of colostrum fed to the calf each time cannot exceed 5% of its body weight, ie 1.25 to 2.5 kg of colostrum per feeding. The first 24 hours of birth should be fed 3 to 4 times; third is when to feed colostrum? Yak cattle 4-6 hours after birth on the colostrum immunoglobulin (maternal antibody) the strongest absorption, so after birth 0.5-1 hours of feeding 2 kg of colostrum, the second feeding should be after birth 6 to 9 Hours, lasting 5 to 7 days; Fourth, how to feed colostrum? Before the colostrum is fed, it should be heated to a body temperature of 39°C in a water bath, and at the same time, clean the bottle or the milk tank.
(5) Isolation of calf and cow The calf was removed from the maternity ward immediately after birth and placed in a dry, clean environment to ensure that the calf eats colostrum in time, preferably in the corral of a captive calf. The newly born calf is not resistant to disease. Creating a dry and comfortable environment for the calf can reduce the possibility of illness and disease transmission. It also allows the breeder to monitor the calf's intake and body condition.
Appendix: Fermented colostrum is placed in the barrel of the remaining colostrum by adding 1% propionic acid to the fresh colostrum to inhibit the propagation of non-corruptive bacteria and reduce the pH; add 0.5 kg/ton of soda to baking soda when fed. , improve palatability.
2. Week 1 after birth:
(1) Cultivate good hygiene habits Keep the environment of the small cow house clean; Clean the feeding utensils in time; The small cow house must be empty for 3-4 weeks and cleaned and disinfected;
(2) Disease observation Nutrition deficiency and mismanagement are the direct causes of high yak mortality and morbidity, because healthy calves are often starving, and anorexia is the first symptom of unhealthiness. Attention must be paid to observation and timely treatment:
(3) The calf's chamfered cows may cause harm to other cows or workers, and in most cases they should be chamfered. However, the keeper or technician must follow certain technical guidelines and procedures to avoid stimulating and injuring the calf when chasing.
(4) Milk and food secreted by cows and milk replacers 7 days postpartum. Can also be fed milk substitutes. Yak can eat dry feeds from 7 to 10 months of age, and can meet the energy, protein, and taste needs of calves: Free high-quality green hay stimulates rumen development.
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