Common diseases of beans and their control measures
In the common process of beans, various diseases may be encountered. The common diseases of beans are mainly bean rust, bean plague, bean blight, bean root rot, bean coal mold, and bean virus. This article details the symptoms and prevention measures of the above diseases:
1, bean rust
The main symptoms of bean rust: the disease is mainly caused by invading the leaves. In severe cases, it is also harmful to the petiole and pods. The pathogen is the genus Basidiomycotina and the genus Puccinia. At the beginning of the disease, there are chlorotic yellow-white spots under the leaves, and the spots gradually increase until the whole leaves are densely covered. A yellow-brown slightly protruding spot is formed on the corresponding back surface of the lesion, and the reddish-brown powder is scattered after the epidermis is broken. The leaves are yellow and fall off, the plants are short, the pods are small and small, the growth period is shortened, and finally they are thin and die. Beans can be infected with pathogens throughout the growing season, and the resistance is weakened during the initial flowering to the result, and the susceptibility is enhanced, reducing the source of infection.
Control measures: Based on the management of soil and fertilizer, and comprehensive prevention and control measures supplemented by timely spraying and prevention. Clean the countryside. After harvest, the field scum should be removed and burned intensively. The former crops are selected for planting grasses, and the former crops are selected for planting legumes or peanuts. The disease-resistant varieties such as Yuexia No. 2, Iron Wire Green Bean, and Suifeng No. 8 were selected. In the early stage of the disease, timely application of drugs. The agent can be selected from 50% sulfur suspension agent 150 times solution, or 75% methyl thiophanate wettable powder 1000 times solution, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800-1000 times solution, or 20% powder rust emulsifiable concentrate 800- 1000 times liquid. Spray 2-3 times every 8-10 days.
2, bean plague
Symptoms: Mainly damage to stems, leaves and pods, mostly in the vicinity of stems or nodes, especially near the ground. The diseased part was water-stained at the beginning, and the stalks were wet and rotted around the stems. When the humidity is high, the cortex rots and the surface produces white mold. The leaves were stained with dark green water-stained spots at the beginning, and then expanded into round brown spots with white mold on the surface. The pods are also infected with white mold and rot.
Control measures: use resistant varieties to implement rotation. Choose well-drained sandy loam, use high-lying deep ditch, reasonably close planting to make it ventilate and light, pay attention to timely drainage after rain. Chemical control, timely spray protection in the early stage of the disease, you can choose 58% Rydmir Mn-Zn soluble powder 500-800 times solution, or 64% anti-virus WP WP 500 times, or 72.2% Plex water 800 times solution It can be sprayed once every 7-10 days for 2-3 times.
3, bean blight
Plants begin with the lower leaves first. Irregular water-stained lesions appeared on the edge of the blade, especially at the tip of the blade. The posterior blade turned yellow and died and gradually developed into the upper blade. Finally, the whole plant died of wilting. The cortex of the root of the diseased plant is often cracked, and the vascular bundle tissue becomes brown. When the humidity is high, the surface of the diseased part is pinky.
Control measures: It is best to work with grass crops in water and drought, and apply lime to improve soils to reduce the occurrence of diseases. Chemical control: In the early stage of the disease, 50% carbendazim WP 1000 times solution, or 10% double effect water agent 400 times solution, or 75% methyl thiophanate WP 1000 times solution can be used. 150 grams, once every 7-10 days, 2-3 times in a row; 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500g mixed with 200 kg of dry soil, ditch applied to the sowing line, 200 kg per acre.
4, bean root rot
Root rot causes the dead vines of the beans. The pathogen of root rot is called Fusarium oxysporum. The bean type can infect beans and beans. Generally, the early symptoms are not obvious. Until the flowering and pod formation, the plants are shorter, and the lower leaves of the diseased plants turn yellow from the leaf margin, slowly withering, generally do not fall off, and the diseased plants are easily pulled out. The lower part of the stem and the main root become reddish-brown, the diseased part is slightly sunken, and some cracks are deep into the cortex, and the lateral roots fall off and rot and even the main roots are completely rotted. The pathogens are overwintered with the mycelium, thick sputum spores, etc., and the soil remains in the soil. It has strong saprophytic properties and can survive in the soil and manure for many years. It is mainly transmitted by rainwater, irrigation water, tools and fertilizers, and invades the roots and causes the cortex to rot. Generally, the disease is more serious in the soil with heavy soil, excessive humidity, acidity, insufficient fertility and extensive management.
Control measures: Try to avoid the continuous cropping of beans and beans, and it is better to carry out the rotation in 2-3 years, and pay attention to the varieties that are more resistant to disease and disease. Remove and burn the sick plants in time. Composting and manure should be fermented and cooked. The use of enzyme fertilizer also helps to inhibit and eliminate pathogenic bacteria in the soil. Choose plots with higher topography and better hydrophobicity, deep trenches and high-level land preparation and appropriate amount of lime to prevent timely drainage after flooding. When sowing, use AIDS or methyl thiophanate, or 50% carbendazim WP to prepare a 1:50 medicinal application or ditch application. In the early stage of the disease, you can use PF, 1200 times of A. sinensis, 800-1000 times of root rot, or 500 times of wilting, or 1000 times of chlorpyrifos, once every 10 days, 2-3 Times.
5, bean coal mold
Coal mold disease (foliar disease) is mainly leaf leaves, stems and pods. At the beginning of the disease, purple-brown spots appeared on both sides of the leaves. When enlarged, they showed a nearly round dark brown lesion with a diameter of 1-2 cm. The edges were not obvious. When wet, the gray-black mold was wet on the back of the leaves, and gray-black mold was visible on the back of the leaves.
Control measures: timely remove the diseased bodies after burning, burned or buried deeply, clean the countryside; keep the field ventilation and light to prevent excessive humidity. Rational fertilization to improve the disease resistance of the plant; timely removal of diseased leaves and spraying control in the early stage of the disease, 50% carbendazim WP 500 times solution, or 75% methyl thiophanate WP 800 times solution, or 65% Dyson zinc wettable powder 600 times solution, or 14% copper hexahydrate water 400 times solution sprayed once every 7-10 days for 2-3 times.
6, bean virus disease
Symptoms The leaves appear deep, light green and interflowered leaves. The green part of the leaves protrudes or is concave to form a pocket shape. The leaves are usually bent downward, and some varieties become deformed after the disease. The susceptible plants are dwarfed or not dwarfed, and the flowering is delayed. In severe cases, the yield is reduced.
Control measures: use resistant varieties, strengthen fertilizer and water management, improve plant disease resistance, pay attention to prevention and control of aphids, and cut off the transmission route of aphids.
1 Reasonable rotation, use virus-free seeds, soak seeds in water for 3-4 hours before sowing, and then soak seeds in 10% trisodium phosphate plus 800 times solution of new high fat film for 20-30 minutes.
2 Strengthen fertilizer and water management, promote plant growth and health, reduce damage, inhibit plant madness, promote flower bud differentiation, and simultaneously apply organic fertilizer in flowering and pod-forming period, improve cycle fruit set rate, promote fruit development, no deformity, good uniformity, quality Improve and make the fruits and vegetables produce high yields.
3 timely control of aphids, thrips, etc.: 3% acetamiprid 1500 times solution, or 20% imidacloprid concentrated solvent 2000 times solution.
4 chemical control: before the onset of viral disease or early onset, 20% virus A wettable powder 500 times solution, or 50% bacteria poison water solution 300 times solution, or neomycinmycin 2000 times solution, or 1.5% plant disease The emulsion 1000 times solution is used alternately, and the control is continuously controlled 3-4 times every 7-10 days.
In addition to the disease during the planting process, there are also pests such as mites and bean mites. If you want to know more about planting knowledge, please pay attention to the Hui Nong School!
There are mainly the following parts: 1. Sampling swab with disposable sterile plastic rod/rayon head 2. Sterile sampling tube containing 3ml of virus maintenance solution (gentamicin and amphotericin B are selected to better inhibit the fungus in the sample. Avoid the human sensitization reaction that may be caused by penicillin in the traditional sampling solution.) In addition, there are additional parts such as a tongue depressor, a biosafety bag, etc. Intended to use 1. It is used for monitoring and sampling of infectious pathogenic microorganisms by disease control departments and clinical departments. It is suitable for sampling of influenza virus (common influenza, highly pathogenic avian influenza, H1N1 influenza virus, etc.), hand, foot and mouth virus and other types of viruses. It is also used for sampling of Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Ureaplasma, etc. 2. It is used to transport nasopharyngeal swab samples or tissue samples from specific parts from the sampling site to the testing laboratory for PCR extraction and testing. 3. It is used to preserve nasopharyngeal swab samples or tissue samples from specific parts for necessary cell culture. The virus sampling tubes are loaded with infectious substances, and some are even highly pathogenic substances. Therefore, the requirements for packaging containers are very strict, and three requirements must be met at the same time: 1. The safety of transportation. Ensure that the sample does not leak during transportation. Sampling tubes that comply with WHO regulations and biosafety regulations. 2. The security of preservation. Ensure that the sample does not leak during storage. Sampling tubes that comply with WHO regulations and biosafety regulations. 3. The validity of the sample. Make sure that the sampling tube itself will not have a toxic effect on the sample.
Virus Sampling Tube,Virus Sampling Kit,Disposable Vtm Sampling Kit,Vtm Sampling Tube With Swab
Jilin Sinoscience Technology Co. LTD , https://www.jlgkscience.com