Application of Biological Fertilizer in Greenhouse
In greenhouses, high-yield and high-value vegetable production is a common practice, offering farmers significant economic returns. While market prices are subject to external factors beyond human control, growers can still boost output through effective and sustainable fertilization techniques. These methods not only enhance the appearance, taste, and marketability of vegetables but also help reduce input costs, ultimately improving overall profitability. The unique soil and environmental conditions within greenhouses differ significantly from open-field farming, which necessitates tailored fertilization strategies. Below, we explore in detail the best practices for fertilizing vegetables in greenhouse settings.
First, seed treatment plays a crucial role in ensuring strong and healthy plant development. Starting with quality seeds is essential, and using microbial fertilizers or seed coatings can greatly support germination. These treatments provide necessary nutrients and create a favorable soil environment, promoting better seedling emergence and stronger growth. When applying bacterial fertilizers, two key points should be considered: 1) Always use high-quality products from reputable sources, as low-quality fertilizers may harm seeds or have no effect at all. 2) Protect microorganisms from direct sunlight during application, and apply them in shaded areas. After coating, seeds should be sown immediately and covered with soil. Avoid mixing microbial fertilizers with harmful pesticides or chemical fertilizers, as this can reduce their effectiveness.
Second, during the seedling stage, proper nutrition is vital for long-term plant health. Phosphorus fertilizers, especially those containing mycorrhizal fungi, can significantly improve phosphorus uptake and support robust seedling growth. This phase is critical, as it directly influences the entire growth cycle of the plant, particularly in vegetative stages.
Third, applying base fertilizer is essential for fruit-bearing crops that require a long growing period. In greenhouses, where top-dressing is difficult due to plastic coverings, most nutrients should be applied at the beginning. The amount of fertilizer needed varies between old and new greenhouses. Old structures tend to have residual nutrients, so they may require less additional fertilizer compared to new ones. Typically, old soil has excess nitrogen and phosphorus but lacks potassium. In such cases, using specialized starter fertilizers—like fermentation agents that can supply nitrogen and potassium—can help balance nutrient levels while reducing losses and eliminating harmful pathogens.
Fourth, top-dressing during the growing season should focus on available nitrogen, along with balanced phosphorus and potassium, and include microbial fertilizers. These biological products contain nitrogen-fixing, phosphate-solubilizing, and potassium-releasing bacteria, as well as organic matter and trace elements. When used alongside other fertilizers, they can reduce the overall amount needed, prevent soil compaction, and increase microbial activity in the soil.
By implementing these fertilization strategies, most growers can achieve more consistent and higher-quality vegetable yields, leading to increased productivity, improved product quality, and greater income. With careful planning and the right tools, greenhouse farming can become even more efficient and sustainable.
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