Application of Biological Fertilizer in Greenhouse
In greenhouses, high-yield and high-value vegetable production is a common practice, offering farmers significant economic benefits. While market prices are influenced by external factors beyond human control, growers can enhance yields and improve product quality through effective fertilization strategies. These methods not only boost output but also enhance appearance, taste, and marketability, while reducing costs and maximizing profitability. The unique soil and environmental conditions in greenhouses differ from open fields, which means that fertilization techniques must be adapted accordingly. Below is a detailed explanation of how to properly fertilize vegetables in greenhouse settings.
First, seed treatment plays a crucial role in achieving higher yields. Starting from the very beginning—seeds—proper fertilization can significantly impact the success of the entire crop. Seed treatment typically involves the use of microbial fertilizers or seed coatings. These products supply essential nutrients for germination and create a favorable soil environment, helping increase germination rates and producing stronger seedlings. When using bacterial fertilizers, two key points should be considered: 1) Always choose high-quality products. Inferior fertilizers may harm seeds instead of helping them, so it's important to select reliable brands with proven performance, such as certified microbial fertilizers. 2) Minimize microbial loss by avoiding direct sunlight during application. Apply the fertilizer in shaded areas, and sow the seeds immediately after treatment, covering them with soil right away. Also, avoid mixing microbial fertilizers with harmful pesticides or chemical fertilizers.
Second, during the seedling stage, proper care is essential. Healthy seedlings lay the foundation for strong plant growth, especially for vegetables that rely heavily on vegetative development. At this stage, applying phosphate fertilizer—especially with mycorrhizal fungi—can greatly improve nutrient uptake and support robust seedling growth.
Third, base fertilization is vital, especially for fruit-bearing vegetables that have a long growing cycle. In greenhouses covered with plastic film, applying most of the fertilizer as a base is often more practical than top-dressing. The amount of fertilizer needed varies between old and new greenhouses. New greenhouses typically require more nutrients because their soil has fewer residual elements, whereas older structures may already have excess nitrogen and phosphorus but lack potassium. In such cases, using a professional starter fertilizer (like a fermentation agent that provides nitrogen and potassium) can help reduce nutrient loss and eliminate harmful bacteria and eggs. Combining these with microbial fertilizers can further enhance soil health and microbial activity.
Fourth, top dressing is an important step in the growth cycle of fruiting vegetables. During this phase, the focus should be on available nitrogen fertilizers, supplemented with phosphorus and potassium, along with a suitable amount of microbial fertilizer. Biological bacterial fertilizers contain numerous beneficial microorganisms that fix nitrogen, solubilize phosphorus, and release potassium, along with organic matter, humic acid, and trace elements. When used in conjunction with other fertilizers, they can reduce overall fertilizer usage, prevent soil compaction, and increase microbial diversity in the soil.
By implementing these fertilization techniques, most growers can achieve better vegetable production results, leading to increased yield, improved quality, and higher income. With careful planning and the right approach, greenhouse farming can become both sustainable and highly profitable.
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