Special poultry farming methods
Using drugs to prevent and treat poultry diseases is one of the important measures to maintain the healthy development of the poultry industry. Poultry medicine in addition to grasp the pharmacological effects of various drugs, the correct diagnosis of the disease, the rational use of drugs, but also pay attention to some of the physiological characteristics of poultry, such as small individuals, short digestive tract, faster food through, no sweat glands, will not vomit Some of the precautions that can be caused by the use of drugs, such as those that do not cause coughing, are the only way to increase the effectiveness of drug control and reduce or eliminate adverse drug reactions and achieve better economic benefits.
1. Poultry-intensive feathers on the body, inconvenience to the use of pastes and pastes, and the killing of ectoparasites should be based on the cleaning habits of the birds and the incorporation of insecticides in the fine sand. For example, when the fleas were killed, 0.05% fly phosporin was mixed in the sand to carry out sand bath killing.
2. Poultry is rich in air bags, and aerosols can provide better curative effect.
3, poultry lack of taste, smell or function is very poor, such as the person's taste buds have 9000, and the chicken's taste buds only 29, so poultry often pick and eat salt particles in the feed without discrimination and cause poisoning. When adding salt in the feed, be sure to pay attention to its size, and pay attention to mixing and strictly control the amount of additives. Since the sensory receptors cannot be stimulated and the reflexive stomach function is not achieved, it is not appropriate to use bitter stomachic drugs when the poultry is indigestion, but aromatic and stomachic drugs such as garlic and digestive drugs such as dilute hydrochloric acid should be used.
4. The birds have no sweat glands. When the heat stress, the respiratory rate is already high. It is unsatisfactory to attempt to use the antipyretic analgesics to relieve the heat stress. Therefore, the physical cooling measures should be strengthened, and the diet or drinking water can also be added. Soda, potassium chloride, vitamin C, bacitracin zinc and other drugs.
5, birds do not cough, so chronic respiratory disease using strong antitussive drugs such as codeine is not meaningful, this time can choose to use drugs such as ammonium chloride can ease the tracheal mucosal inflammation. Poultry does not vomit. Poisoning drugs or other toxic substances produced by poultry can not be used to eliminate toxic substances such as copper sulphate and morphine in water. A hernia sac incision should be used to remove unabsorbed poisons in time.
6, the glomerular structure of poultry is simpler than mammals, effective filtering area is small, it is very sensitive to streptomycin excreted by the kidney after intramuscular injection, intramuscular injection of streptomycin can easily cause poultry shock, and even death, can be used small A dose of gentamicin.
7. The average absorption rate of sulfa drugs in poultry is higher than that of other animals. When the dose is too large or the drug is used for a long time, a very toxic reaction will be produced to poultry, especially exotic purebred birds or young birds, manifesting as young birds. Spleen enlargement, hemorrhage, infarction, loss of appetite in adult birds, decline in egg production, thinning of eggshell, rate of egg breakage, and increase in soft egg rate. Therefore, sulfa drugs are generally not suitable for long-term addition of additives, in the treatment of poultry enteritis, coccidiosis, fowl cholera, infectious rhinitis and other diseases should be selected when the low acetylation rate, low protein binding, high acetylate solubility and easy to excrete Sulfonamides and simultaneous use of baking soda to alkalinize the urine promote acetylation. The use of sulphonamide compound preparations can reduce the drug dose and reduce the toxicity. Since sulfur can increase the toxicity of sulfa drugs to the blood and trigger thioredoxinemia, sulfa drugs should be used with or without feeding sulfur-containing feed additives such as artificial salt, magnesium sulfate, sodium sulfate, gypsum, etc. .
8, poultry lack of adequate cholinesterase stocks, anti-cholinesterase drugs such as organic phosphate esters are very sensitive, so when the poultry drive nematode should be careful to use trichlorfon, disable dichlorvos, the best choice of levamisole, benzo Imidazoles such as albendazole. When using trichlorfon insecticide, feed supplements containing baking soda should be avoided because trichlorfon can cause severe poisoning due to the formation of highly toxic dichlorvos in an alkaline environment.
9. Poultry intolerance to lactose, egg-laying poultry is particularly sensitive to lactose, when the feed contains lactose 15%, the production of eggs will be significantly inhibited. When it exceeds 20%, growth stagnates and severe diarrhea occurs.
10, due to the poultry's ability to absorb vitamin K in the large intestine or to control coccidiosis, long-term use of sulfa drugs, poultry is prone to vitamin K deficiency, so in the feed should be added according to the actual situation of vitamin K. At the same time, adding vitamin K to treat coccidiosis helps control blood stasis.
11. The demand for manganese in poultry is relatively high, which is relatively 100 times that of mammals. However, the absorption rate of manganese in the small intestine is very low and affects the production. Therefore, it should be added in the feed in sufficient quantities, and attention should be paid to the feed. Excessive calcium and phosphorus levels have negative effects on manganese.
12, long-term high doses of tetracycline in poultry can cause liver damage, and even cause acute poisoning in the liver caused by the death of poultry; tetracycline can also cause damage to the renal tubules, deposition of urate caused by renal dysfunction in metabolic disorders. Long-term oral administration of tetracycline and chlortetracycline can stimulate gastrointestinal motility enhancement, affect nutrient absorption, causing vomiting, salivation, diarrhea and other symptoms. In addition, tetracycline and chlortetracycline combine with calcium to form calcium salts that are difficult to excrete, hinder the formation of egg shells, and reduce egg production and egg quality.
13, meat and poultry generally have a short feeding cycle, should avoid the long-term use of easy to form residual slow elimination of drugs such as gentamicin and some lead, mercury, arsenic, organic chlorine, estrogen drugs. In the treatment of coccidiosis with chlorophenylhydrazine, meat birds are given a dose of 60 grams of chlorophenyl hydrazine per 1,000 kilograms of feed. When they are used for a long period of time, the meat will have an offensive odor, affecting the palatability of the meat, so it is generally used. The product is used as a prophylactic agent for poultry coccidiosis and is added in an amount of 30 g of chlorpheniramine hydrochloride per 1,000 kg of feed.
14. Egg-laying poultry should be banned from drugs that lower blood calcium levels and affect egg production, such as sulfa drugs, streptomycin, and carbon tetrachloride; drugs that affect uterine function, such as neostigmine, carbamyl, should not be used. Choline, epinephrine and barbiturates, but also can not use drugs that inhibit hypothalamic secretion of gonadotropin, such as testosterone propionate, diethylstilbestrol. No monensin can be used in laying birds because the product is easily left in the eggs, and the dose is too large to reduce the egg production rate.
15. There is a species difference between birds. When using sulphodichlorophenol (Bididin) or betel nut decoction to drive flukes and aphids of the intestinal tracts of chickens, the ducks are sensitive to chickens and take oral doses once per kilogram of body weight. Chickens can use 100-20 mg while ducks only use 30-50 mg. The betel nut decoction chicken can be used 1-1.5 grams, ducks can only use 0.5-0.8 grams, and goose with 0.5 grams will be poisoned. Detoxification of chicks with thiodichlorophenol, a large amount of doses, ranging from diarrhea and other symptoms caused by heavy, then cause enteritis, dehydration and heart failure. Although olaquindox has a strong effect on Pasteurella multocida, Salmonella pullorum, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, etc., but due to the small safety range, poultry sensitive, ducks, geese more sensitive than chicken, has been banned for chicken And other poultry used as feed additives.
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