Rapid fertilization technology for leveling farmland

Leveling of farmland is a basic project in the comprehensive agricultural development and farmland management projects in hilly areas. It removes or destroys the mature soil of the farmland's top soil layer (known as the tillage layer), flattening the surface of the farmland, lack of nutrients, water, Fertilizer, gas, and heat imbalances have severely affected farmland crop growth and are difficult to recover in three to five years. After several years of exploration, the following technical measures will be adopted to improve soil fertility in the short-term and achieve the objective of increasing production and sustainable development.

1, deep plowing and deep soil, improve the soil environment. Deep plowing deep plowing is the use of rotary ploughing machinery to deepen the soil, which is the basic measure for fertility. Deep plowing firstly is to promote soil looseness and softness, improve soil structure, increase the thickness of living soil, make the proportion of soil in the solid phase, liquid phase, and gas phase appropriate, and the tightness density is moderate to adapt to the growth and development of crops. The second is to promote the coordination of water, fertilizer, gas, and heat in the soil, enhance the permeability of water and air permeability, create a good germination seed bed or seedbed, and promote the germination and emergence of crops. The third is to promote the activities of soil microorganisms, accelerate the mineralization of nutrients, and increase soil available nutrients. The fourth is to bury the weeds in the fields and eliminate the pests and diseases that are parasitic on the soil or residues.

For deep plowing and deep plowing, it is advisable to use a combination of organic manure and a deep plowing depth of 20-25 cm. If the plowing cannot reach the depth or the soil blocks are not finely crushed, plowing must be performed once more to ensure the quality and effect of deep plowing.

2, the application of farmyard fertilizer, rapid increase in soil fertility. Farmyard fertilizer is a kind of organic fertilizer with a wide range of raw materials, large quantities, and full nutrients. It is quick and effective to improve soil fertility. The idiom “relying on dung and seedlings on the ground” reflects the importance of farmyard manure for soil and crops.

In general, livestock manure and crop straws can only be used as farmyard fertilizers after stacking and fermentation, because they produce toxic substances in the process of fermentation rot decomposition, and are accompanied by germs, eggs and weed seeds, etc. Growth has an adverse effect. Livestock and poultry manure and crop straws are best fermented by biogas digesters to make them more versatile. There is no digester available for fermentation and heap fermentation. According to the situation of raw materials, farm manure with mainly feces is applied with 667m2 of 1000-1500 Kg, straw with manure as main fertilizer, and 667m2 with 1500-2000 Kg. In areas where farmyard fertilizers are insufficient, commodity organic fertilizers can be selected. Commodity organic fertilizer is enriched, formulated farmhouse fertilizer, better than ordinary farmhouse fertilizer.

3, return straw to improve soil fertility. Straw returning is one of the effective measures to improve soil fertility, which can increase soil organic matter, reduce soil nutrients, increase soil porosity, regulate soil moisture, and improve soil fertility.

3.1 Straw back pressure. Before the farmland is ploughed, the crop straw (shredded to 3-5 cm section) is evenly spread on the field surface. Every 667m2 is mixed with 2-3 Kg urea with 2 Kg straw rapid decay agent and sprinkled on the straw. On top, then plowing, let the soil cover the straw, the farmland is not in good condition, need to add water.

3.2 straw covered field. When planting the crop, the crushed straw is laid flat on the field, and 667 m2 is thoroughly mixed with 3-5 Kg urea and 2 Kg straw rapid decomposing agent, sprinkled on the straw, and the water and fertilizer management is as usual. In order to compensate for the impact of straw cover on emergence, the sowing rate should be increased by 10%.

3.3 Straw stacking and returning fields. Before the stacking of the straw, the straw is crushed and soaked in water, the moisture content reaches 60-70%, and the straw drip can be held by hand. Use 2 Kg straw fast decay agent plus 3-5 Kg urea after mixing. When stacking, the straws should be stacked layer by layer. Every 30 centimeters of a layer, sprinkle a mixture of straw and then mix the straw. Place 4-5 layers of each fertilizer heap to form a trapezoidal fertilizer heap with a width of 1.5-2 meters and a height of about 1.2-1.5 meters. Lightly tap around with a pestle, and seal the surface with mud. (It is best to coat the film in winter.) Fermentation. The upper part of the heap is concave so that it can receive rainwater. When the water is lost in the heap, it can be filled manually. After one week, the temperature will rise and ferment. In the summer, it will pile for 20 days, and it will be 40 days in the winter.

4, planting green manure, increase soil fertility. The use of flattening farmland in the winter season to grow green manure can enhance the activity of soil enzymes, promote the reproduction of soil bacteria, fungi, and fiber-decomposing bacteria, increase the content of soil organic matter and nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and play an important role in improving soil cultivation. Fertilizer effect.

Ziyunying is a widely grown green manure, and it is generally selected from Ningbo Bridge, Yujiang Daye, and Lijiang Jiangyeye. If paddy fields are grown with green manure, they should be well-opened before the planting, so that the ditch and gutter can be opened and the gullies can communicate with each other. The irrigation and drainage can be performed freely, the soil is solid and the surface is not covered with water. Before sowing, choose sunny noon and spread green manure seeds for 4-5 hours. After drying, add a certain amount of fine sand to wipe off the wax on the seed surface to increase the seed water absorption rate and germination rate. Different regions have different climates and different sowing dates. Generally, they are planted from September to October. The amount of 667m2 seeds is about 2.5 Kg, and 667m2 of calcium phosphate is applied to 25-30 Kg as the base fertilizer. After 667 m2, the top dressing of urea is 2-5 Kg. Take a stand and realize the goal of “changing small fertilizers for large fertilizers and using inorganic fertilizers for organic fertilizers”. In the coming 4-5 months, Zi Yunying will have her eyes open in full bloom in the second set of flowers, and the time for the tillering will be 10 to 15 days apart from the transplanting time, allowing Zi Yunying to fully rot.

After intercropping with legumes and corn, the physical and chemical properties of the soil improved significantly. Because green manure plants can increase soil organic matter accumulation, soil organic matter, organic nitrogen and available nitrogen content increase significantly. Moreover, this tendency becomes more pronounced with the increase of intercropping time and the increase of line spacing. According to the study, the yields of corn and soybean were the highest in the planting mode with a planting width of 150 cm, two rows of corn and three rows of soybean. In the maize-bean legume green manure intercropping, full use was made of the light and heat resources in the early corn period, and at the same time, the interaction effect of different crops was exerted to achieve the double harvest of corn and legume crops. In general, 667 m2 intercropping of green manure yields 1000 Kg or 667 m2 of coniferous peas grain yields of 150-200 Kg and 667 m2 of maize yields of 800-1000 Kg. Therefore, compared to corn monocropping, it is a collective land and High-yield in one high-efficient land-cultivation production technology.

5, soil testing formula, improve the level of fertilizer. Soil testing and formula fertilization is a widely popularized new fertilization technique. It is to collect soil samples from cultivated layers of farmland and measure the contents of alkaline nutrient solution nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, available boron and zinc, and other macronutrients and some trace elements. According to the production standards and fertilizer requirements of farmland crops, soil fertility and the characteristics of the fertilizers used, specific fertilizer application programs were developed to formulate targeted fertilization schemes. Farmers apply fertilizer according to the plan, can maximize the rational use of fertilizer, balance the use of fertilizer, saving fertilizer, and constantly improve the yield, quality and efficiency of crops.

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