Physiological diseases and prevention of mushrooms

Mushrooms are more sensitive to the environment. Unfavorable cultivation environment will hinder their normal growth and development, resulting in various abnormal phenomena, which will lead to reduced production of mushrooms and reduced quality. Mushroom common physiological diseases are hyphae, hard open umbrellas, thin skin early parachute or the appearance of buds mushroom, empty root white mushrooms and so on. The introduction is as follows:

Mycosis

Symptoms: After the mushroom bed is covered with soil and water is diverted, the mushroom villus mycelium will continue to grow on the surface of fine soil. In severe cases, it will form a fine, impervious quilt, which will delay the time of mushrooming and reduce the yield of mushrooms.

Causes: Mostly caused by the lighter and faster water transfer in the soil, the mushroom house temperature exceeded 22 degrees Celsius, the humidity exceeded 90%, and the ventilation was poor.

Preventive measures: 1, as far as possible without aerial hyphae grow too strong, too thick strains. 2. After earth-covered soil, the water transfer in the soil should not be overrunning. The water spray should be carried out when the weather is cool in the morning and evening. At the same time, increase the ventilation of the mushroom house and reduce the relative humidity of the air. 3, to immediately re-buried soil, and appropriate to spray more water, prompt hyphae form a fruiting body in time, can also be formed in the small buds before the surface of the cover soil gently smashed, and increase ventilation, reduce relative humidity.

Ground bud mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus)

Symptoms: mainly in the early fruiting stage, the fruiting body of the fruiting body is low, usually occurs in the culture material, material surface or in the lower part of the coarse soil, and after the growth, the top soil breaks out.

Occurrence reasons: 1, culture materials mixed with mud or soil uneven covering, when the material temperature, humidity and air conditions suitable for fruiting body growth, will cause the mycelium around the soil kink thicker to form the original base. After the primordium differentiates, it grows upwards, that is, top mud out. If the up condition is uncomfortable, it will turn around and form a bed mushroom under the bed. 2, too long soil transfer time is too long, after the water transfer mushroom house too much ventilation, mushroom house temperature will inhibit the mycelium grow into the coarse soil, promote the early mushrooming; fine soil covered too late, too thick, water transfer If it is not timely, the water transfer is too fast, too fast, or the ventilation time is long after the water is transferred. The humidity in the soil layer is not enough and the hyphae will not be on the fine soil. 3, premature shower of mushrooms, too fast or excessive water spray, will inhibit the upward growth of soil mycelium, forcing the mycelium between the coarse soil kinks, thereby reducing the mushroom position, resulting in mushroom sparse, knot Mushrooms are not normal and there are more land-bud mushrooms.

Preventive measures: 1. When spreading culture materials, the soil blocks mixed in the net material should be picked. 2, cover the soil should be uniform, as far as possible in the coarse soil layer has not yet formed small buds covered fine soil. 3, the soil transfer should be uniform, and appropriate ventilation, ventilation should be reduced after the transfer of water. 4, in the soil layer of hyphae to control the mushroom room temperature, to prevent the temperature is low, and maintain a certain relative humidity of the air (about 85%), to promote the growth of hyphae to the soil, hanging high mycelial growth sites, A timely and appropriate amount of water will be sprayed on the mushroom to prevent the early growth of the mushroom and the lower part of the mushroom.

Empty root white mushroom

Symptoms: The mushroom stipe tissue is not full, and there is a white loose pith inside. After the mushroom body is dried or cooked, it shrinks or falls off into a hollow shape.

Cause: Mainly due to improper water management. If the air humidity in the mushroom house is low and the humidity in the soil layer is low, especially the water content in the coarse soil layer is insufficient, the rapidly growing fruit body will not be able to obtain sufficient water from the soil layer, thus providing nutrition. The supply of transport will also be reduced, coupled with the evaporation of mushroom body's own water, it will cause the lack of water between the handle, the organization is not tight, resulting in the phenomenon of empty root white heart.

Preventive measures: 1, coarse soil water transfer and the spraying of mushroom water and mushroom water, the amount of water should be sufficient to prevent soil particles appear fake wet. 2, after the mushrooming, it is necessary to spray the mushroom water as much as possible so as to ensure that the coarse soil layer can be continuously supplemented with water during the entire period of fruiting. 3, the long mushroom stage must often spray in the mushroom room humidification, mushroom room air relative humidity to reach 90%. When the temperature is high, it should be ventilated in the morning, evening or night to prevent the water from dissipating too quickly.

Hard open umbrella

Symptoms: When the fruiting body of a mushroom is not yet mature, the cap and the stipe of the mushroom separate and dehisce, and the reddish pimples are exposed.

Cause: mainly due to rapid temperature changes (temperature below 18 degrees Celsius, temperature difference is around 10 degrees Celsius), resulting in material temperature, soil temperature and temperature contrast between the temperature, mushroom handle nutrient metabolism and physiological metabolism disorders, so that The stipe that is rooted in the soil layer and the cap that is exposed on the surface of the soil are cracked due to unbalanced growth.

Preventive measures: To strengthen the insulation measures inside the mushroom house, should not be ventilated at night, do not let the cold wind blow into the mushroom house. At the same time, adjust the relative humidity of the air to promote balanced growth of various parts of the mushroom body.

Thin skin early open umbrella

Symptoms: The fruiting body cover is thin and the umbrella is opened early.

Causes: The mushroom density is too large, the temperature of the mushroom house is too high, the relative humidity of the air is not enough, the bed soil layer is dry, and the fruit body grows fast.

Preventive measures: appropriate control of mushroom parts, mushroom house ventilation time should be selected in the morning and evening, reduce the mushroom room temperature, increase the bed surface soil moisture and relative humidity.

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