Summer is a crucial season for producing high-quality peaches, and effective technical management from early May to August plays a key role in ensuring healthy growth and optimal yields. Below are the detailed practices to follow during this critical period:
First, timely disease prevention and pest control are essential to ensure the fruit develops properly. During summer, increased rainfall and fluctuating temperatures create favorable conditions for various peach tree diseases. It's important to continue preventive measures from earlier stages, with at least two rounds of protection before fruit bagging. The recommended treatment includes using thiophanate-methyl diluted 1000 times, focusing on controlling anthracnose, brown rot, and bacterial spot.
For pest control, common pests include aphids, stink bugs, scale insects, moths, spider mites, and pear leafhoppers. These should be managed alongside disease control through targeted spraying. For example, fennel can be used to manage peach aphids and moth caterpillars, while dichlorvos (at a concentration of 1800–2000 times) is effective against stink bugs, scale insects, and pear leafhoppers. However, care must be taken not to over-concentrate, as it may damage leaves. For red spider mites, which become active after July’s heat, a 2000–2500 times dilution of a suitable pesticide is more effective than other options. Farmers should adjust application methods based on timing—before bagging to target aphids, stink bugs, and scale insects, and after bagging to control moths, mites, and leafhoppers.
Second, summer pruning is vital to promote balanced foliage growth and nutrient distribution. This period is ideal for managing excessive growth and improving light penetration. Young trees should be pruned 3–4 times, while mature trees require 2–3 sessions. Pruning helps reduce competition between fruit and foliage, enhances air circulation, and ensures even branch development. Techniques involve thinning dense branches, cutting back overly long shoots, and shaping the canopy to avoid overlap and cross-branching. This practice ultimately improves light exposure and supports better fruit quality.
Third, proper fruit thinning is essential for achieving high-quality yields. Overproduction leads to smaller, lower-quality fruits, so it's important to maintain a reasonable fruit load. Typically, young trees should have 100–150 fruits per tree, while mature trees should aim for 200–250 fruits per tree. A common method is to leave two long fruiting branches, one fruit per medium branch, and one fruit on short branches. On long branches, the middle fruit is retained, while on short branches, the tip fruit is selected to ensure uniform size and quality.
Fourth, maintaining an efficient drainage and irrigation system is crucial. During the fruit enlargement phase, especially for mid-to-late season varieties, water shortages can significantly impact yield and quality. If there's no rain in mid-to-late July, timely irrigation is necessary to prevent stress. In areas with severe water scarcity, covering the ground with weeds, straw, or firewood can help retain moisture and improve drought resistance.
Fifth, applying appropriate fertilizers before and after harvest is fundamental for sustained productivity. After fruit bagging in mid-June, apply high-quality potassium sulfate compound fertilizer or organic manure mixed with phosphate fertilizer. Each tree should receive 0.6–1 kg of fertilizer spread around the base in a shallow trench. After harvesting, use urea (0.3–0.5 catty per tree) diluted 50 times and applied in the same manner to replenish nutrients and support future growth.
Lastly, keeping the soil loose by weeding and cultivating regularly ensures good aeration and sunlight penetration. This helps maintain soil health, reduces weed competition, and promotes root development, all of which contribute to healthier trees and better fruit production.
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