Non-pollution pear fruit production technology
First, alternative
Pear fruit cultivation should take into account the convenient transportation, flat terrain, good irrigation and drainage, supporting ditches, away from pollution sources, loose soil rich in organic matter, soil PH value of about 7, without shade, sufficient light, with sustainable production capacity of the production area.
Second, species selection
Select a new pear fruit variety that is suitable for local planting and has fruit and market competitiveness, high product quality, strong resistance to diseases and stress, and complementary advantages of early, middle and late crops. The ratio of main varieties to the varieties subject to pollination is 2:1 or 3 1:1.
Third, colonization
1, planting time from the end of December to the first half of March next year.
2. Soil preparation and land reclamation Before the land is frozen in winter, the land shall be sown and the weeds shall be removed. The plowing depth shall be about 40 cm. The machine can be tilled with tillers or shovels, and the soil can be used after being sealed by low-temperature frozen soil. The surface width is 3-4 meters. The width and width are 40 cm wide and 30 cm deep.
3. Planting methods The method of excavating and planting ditches or opening holes is used. The planting ditch or planting hole is 50 cm in width and 60 cm in depth, and then 2000 kg of animal manure per mu and 100 kg of superphosphate are applied. After backfilling, the soil in the ditch should be 25-30 cm above the surface.
4. Planting density Row spacing is 3.51.7 meters and 110 plants are planted per acre.
5. Before planting, cutting, disinfecting, and planting, prick the roots of the partially damaged or overly long seedlings before the planting, and disinfect the seedlings with a concentration of 1 degree of lime sulfur.
6. After the rods are planted, keep the soil moist and the wind is fine. It should be continuously watered 2-3 times, and cut the rod at a height of 50 cm.
Fourth, fertilization
1. Base fertilizer applied in autumn, mainly organic fertilizer, can be mixed with a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer, the amount of fertilizer, the initial fruit period is calculated according to the production of 1 kilogram of pear fruit, applied 1.5-2 kilograms of high-quality organic fertilizer, full fruit period pear garden Mushi more than 3,000 kilograms, fertilization methods with trench or excavation around the crown of the ring groove, ditch depth 40-60 cm.
2. Soil-fertilizing saplings should be applied once a month in the first three months of the year from January to August. Available fertilizers such as thin human waste or 1-1.5% urea should be available. The first time before or after budding, the other pears should be dominated by nitrogen fertilizer; In the second flower bud differentiation and fruit enlargement period, the main phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, mixed application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers; the second time in fruit growth is mainly potassium fertilizer.
3, foliar fertilizer 4-5 times throughout the year, the general growth of the early 2 to nitrogen-based, late 2-3 times, according to the condition of the tree spray the fruit tree growth and development of trace elements, foliar fertilizer to avoid High temperature time.
Fifth, pruning
Pay attention to winter pruning, strengthen the pruning of the growing season and pull branches, etc., to increase the ability of the tree crown to ventilate and transmit light, cut off pests and branches, and remove stale nuts.
6. Flower and fruit management
1. On the basis of pruning, the sparse flowers are heavily flowered. Before the buds sprout in March, they are sparsely flowered, and an inflorescence of about 20 cm is used.
2. Thinning fruit According to tree vigor, age, fertilizer and water conditions, determine the amount of fruit leaving. Generally, the ratio of leaf to fruit is 25-30:3. When the fruit is thinned, remove the small fruit, malformed fruit, disease and insect injury, and then close the fruit. .
3, bagging selection of double pear fruit bags, fruits in bagging, can reduce the surface of pesticide residues and pest damage, improve the appearance of fruit quality, make the fruit surface smooth, good color.
VII. Pest Control
1. Agricultural Prevention and Control Strengthen the management of fertilization, strengthen the vigor, create beneficial growth and development of pear trees, and increase resistance to disease. Secondly, pruning is reasonable, and good ventilation conditions are maintained in the garden. Weeds, fallen leaves, and fruit falling from weeds and diseases and pests are promptly removed to reduce the sources of diseases and insect pests.
2. Chemical prevention (1) Strengthen forecast and forecast of pests and diseases to achieve timely and accurate prevention and control; (2) Reduce the application of chemical pesticides, control the pollution of the environment, and promote the use of artificial pest control; (3) Efficient, low-toxic, and low-use chemicals should be used Residues and agents that kill natural enemies are highly toxic and high-residue pesticides. The right medicine, reasonable use, alternating use. (4) In strict accordance with the required concentration, the number of uses per year and the safety interval require the use of uniform and thorough administration, and disable any drugs 20 days before harvesting.
3, biological control protection and use of natural enemies, play a biological control role, use beneficial organisms to eliminate harmful organisms, expand the insect pest management, pest control, protect the orchard ecological balance.
Eight, fruit harvest
According to the maturity of fruit, use and market demand, comprehensively determine the harvest period. The varieties with inconsistent maturity should be harvested in stages. Take care when harvesting to avoid mechanical damage. Fruits are graded and packed.
Pear fruit cultivation should take into account the convenient transportation, flat terrain, good irrigation and drainage, supporting ditches, away from pollution sources, loose soil rich in organic matter, soil PH value of about 7, without shade, sufficient light, with sustainable production capacity of the production area.
Second, species selection
Select a new pear fruit variety that is suitable for local planting and has fruit and market competitiveness, high product quality, strong resistance to diseases and stress, and complementary advantages of early, middle and late crops. The ratio of main varieties to the varieties subject to pollination is 2:1 or 3 1:1.
Third, colonization
1, planting time from the end of December to the first half of March next year.
2. Soil preparation and land reclamation Before the land is frozen in winter, the land shall be sown and the weeds shall be removed. The plowing depth shall be about 40 cm. The machine can be tilled with tillers or shovels, and the soil can be used after being sealed by low-temperature frozen soil. The surface width is 3-4 meters. The width and width are 40 cm wide and 30 cm deep.
3. Planting methods The method of excavating and planting ditches or opening holes is used. The planting ditch or planting hole is 50 cm in width and 60 cm in depth, and then 2000 kg of animal manure per mu and 100 kg of superphosphate are applied. After backfilling, the soil in the ditch should be 25-30 cm above the surface.
4. Planting density Row spacing is 3.51.7 meters and 110 plants are planted per acre.
5. Before planting, cutting, disinfecting, and planting, prick the roots of the partially damaged or overly long seedlings before the planting, and disinfect the seedlings with a concentration of 1 degree of lime sulfur.
6. After the rods are planted, keep the soil moist and the wind is fine. It should be continuously watered 2-3 times, and cut the rod at a height of 50 cm.
Fourth, fertilization
1. Base fertilizer applied in autumn, mainly organic fertilizer, can be mixed with a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer, the amount of fertilizer, the initial fruit period is calculated according to the production of 1 kilogram of pear fruit, applied 1.5-2 kilograms of high-quality organic fertilizer, full fruit period pear garden Mushi more than 3,000 kilograms, fertilization methods with trench or excavation around the crown of the ring groove, ditch depth 40-60 cm.
2. Soil-fertilizing saplings should be applied once a month in the first three months of the year from January to August. Available fertilizers such as thin human waste or 1-1.5% urea should be available. The first time before or after budding, the other pears should be dominated by nitrogen fertilizer; In the second flower bud differentiation and fruit enlargement period, the main phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, mixed application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers; the second time in fruit growth is mainly potassium fertilizer.
3, foliar fertilizer 4-5 times throughout the year, the general growth of the early 2 to nitrogen-based, late 2-3 times, according to the condition of the tree spray the fruit tree growth and development of trace elements, foliar fertilizer to avoid High temperature time.
Fifth, pruning
Pay attention to winter pruning, strengthen the pruning of the growing season and pull branches, etc., to increase the ability of the tree crown to ventilate and transmit light, cut off pests and branches, and remove stale nuts.
6. Flower and fruit management
1. On the basis of pruning, the sparse flowers are heavily flowered. Before the buds sprout in March, they are sparsely flowered, and an inflorescence of about 20 cm is used.
2. Thinning fruit According to tree vigor, age, fertilizer and water conditions, determine the amount of fruit leaving. Generally, the ratio of leaf to fruit is 25-30:3. When the fruit is thinned, remove the small fruit, malformed fruit, disease and insect injury, and then close the fruit. .
3, bagging selection of double pear fruit bags, fruits in bagging, can reduce the surface of pesticide residues and pest damage, improve the appearance of fruit quality, make the fruit surface smooth, good color.
VII. Pest Control
1. Agricultural Prevention and Control Strengthen the management of fertilization, strengthen the vigor, create beneficial growth and development of pear trees, and increase resistance to disease. Secondly, pruning is reasonable, and good ventilation conditions are maintained in the garden. Weeds, fallen leaves, and fruit falling from weeds and diseases and pests are promptly removed to reduce the sources of diseases and insect pests.
2. Chemical prevention (1) Strengthen forecast and forecast of pests and diseases to achieve timely and accurate prevention and control; (2) Reduce the application of chemical pesticides, control the pollution of the environment, and promote the use of artificial pest control; (3) Efficient, low-toxic, and low-use chemicals should be used Residues and agents that kill natural enemies are highly toxic and high-residue pesticides. The right medicine, reasonable use, alternating use. (4) In strict accordance with the required concentration, the number of uses per year and the safety interval require the use of uniform and thorough administration, and disable any drugs 20 days before harvesting.
3, biological control protection and use of natural enemies, play a biological control role, use beneficial organisms to eliminate harmful organisms, expand the insect pest management, pest control, protect the orchard ecological balance.
Eight, fruit harvest
According to the maturity of fruit, use and market demand, comprehensively determine the harvest period. The varieties with inconsistent maturity should be harvested in stages. Take care when harvesting to avoid mechanical damage. Fruits are graded and packed.
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