First-time establishment of the whole Chinese shrimp genetically modified vector

In order to complete research projects as quickly as possible, they have conducted a variety of scientific research methods such as experiments, data analysis, and on-site demonstrations. The broodstock and seed breeding techniques for fine shrimp varieties in China, the screening technology for fine varieties of Chinese shrimp, and full manual control On the conservation technology of shrimp populations, shrimp seedlings and breeding techniques, and the design and establishment of isolation zones for shrimp populations, genetic engineering breeding techniques, research on breeding and breeding techniques, and the growth rate and resistance traits of shrimp in China Researches on individual breeding and family selection, molecular marker technology, construction of genetic linkage maps of shrimps in China, and location of quantitative trait loci, and construction of transgenic carriers in Chinese shrimp have achieved major breakthroughs. Kong Jie, Director of the Breeding Office of the Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, believes that the high-intensity selection of breeding technologies for shrimp breeding in China, the rapid and effective enrichment of favorable genes, and the cultivation of “Huanghai No. 1” and “Renyi 98”; In the 3-4th generation, family breeding techniques were adopted to effectively avoid inbreeding recession; the application of advanced breeding techniques has improved the accuracy of selection and multi-trait breeding. In general, the chosen technical route and key technologies are reasonable. To achieve the complete pedigree of the mark, to completely solve the bottleneck problems such as the difficulty of directional control of prawn control in China and the difficulty of larval marking, which restrict the breeding of aquatic products. Molecular assisted breeding of shrimp can overcome the shortcomings of traditional breeding techniques. Simultaneously screening multiple traits, especially resistance traits, is the current development trend of breeding, and is also a technological innovation point of the subject; the use of molecular tags for family and individual identification. Therefore, the establishment of molecular markers of marine organisms is a breakthrough point for shrimp breeding in China; genetic mapping of quantitative traits based on genetic linkage maps requires a large number of genetic markers and accurate experimental design, which is also a difficult point in the study of this topic. In the study of genetically modified vectors, they constructed the entire Chinese shrimp genetically modified vector for the first time in China. When the Chinese prawn body length reached 3cm, a color combination was randomly selected and a fluorescent marker was injected at the sixth abdominal segment of each family member. All the 108 pedigrees established by the artificial directional copulation technique were physically marked to distinguish different families and totaled 20564 individuals. In the experiment, they maintain and strengthen their fast growing varieties, maintain and strengthen their good traits, carry out large-scale breeding and promotion, 3,000 mu of new varieties will be aquacultured, and aquaculture production will increase by more than 20%. Breeding to the F8 generation to further optimize the genetic composition of the resilience line, increase the survival rate by more than 50%; improve the molecular marker technology of more than 80 families or individuals, establish molecular marker-assisted breeding techniques suitable for the Chinese shrimp, and use cultivated shrimp culture The new species will be modeled and cultivated to 2,000 acres. The aquaculture output will increase by more than 20% and the death rate will decrease by more than 30%. For a fast-growing variety that has been cultivated, maintain and strengthen its good traits, establish breeding and aquaculture techniques, demonstrate 3,000 mu of culture, raise the aquaculture production by more than 20%, and select the resistant population to the F8 generation for white spot syndrome virus. With obvious resistance, the survival rate increased by more than 50%. By completing the above research contents, China's shrimp genetics and breeding technology has reached the international advanced level, and promote the development of shrimp breeding and genetic breeding in China, so that our country in the prawns of functional genes and transgenic research in the forefront of the world. Since April 22 this year, 220,000 Chinese shrimp "Yellow Sea No. 1" have been released, 100,000 rearing stocks have been tested in high-precision breeding ponds of 500 square meters, and the remaining 120,000 fish have been tested in crude breeding ponds. At the end of September, it started to catch more than 500 kilograms so far. The average size is 12 centimeters, and the largest size is 14 centimeters. It has a good body color and strong vigor. It can produce up to 750 kilograms per mu. "Huanghai No. 1" has been promoted to Hebei, Liaoning, Tianjin and Zhejiang provinces and cities. According to statistics, the area of ​​prawn culture was expanded to more than 15,000 mu in 2004-2005, and the output value per mu was over 6,000 yuan, and the total production value was 9,000 yuan. More than ten thousand yuan, more than 50 million yuan in economic benefits have been generated, which has produced significant economic and social benefits. China’s shrimps call for genetic improvement technology. Professor Kong Jie, who is responsible for the 863 program “China's shrimp genetic improvement technology and pilot demonstration”, describes that China’s prawn is commonly known as “big prawn”, and shares the same name with Mexican brown shrimp and Guyana white shrimp. The world's three major shrimps, "Do not look small, but not more than a dozen centimeters in length, but in the 80s-90s of the last century, creating an important history of China's mariculture industry. It is the main product of China's aquatic products export. The distribution of "China shrimp" has a wide span of time and space. The vertical distance from the southernmost wintering ground to the northernmost spawning ground in Liaodong Bay is about 900 kilometers. China's shrimp fishing season has spring and autumn, April to June are spring floods, and September to October are autumn floods. The middle and late October is the prosperous period. At the peak, the annual fishing output was nearly 20,000 tons, and the aquaculture production reached 200,000 tons. However, in the mid-1990s, the resources of the Chinese shrimp population in the Huanghai Sea area declined, and fishing rods could not be formed. Since 1993, shrimp production in China and shrimp production in China have decreased by 90%. In 1997, the harvest was only 800. Ton. The associated processing industries and nursery industries have also shrunk. In the face of this situation, the state determined that the 863 Program Project "China's shrimp genetic improvement technology and pilot demonstration" started, the project quickly fell to the Chinese Academy of Fisheries Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute Breeding Director Kong Jie and his research team's shoulders . Analysing the situation at the time, Kong Jie believes that there are two main reasons why China's prawn is on the verge of extinction. First, the pollution of the marine environment is increasingly serious, and the second is artificial overfishing and shrimp disease. The development of China's shrimp aquaculture industry must work hard at the source to cultivate new shrimp seedlings. The genetic improvement of Chinese shrimps needs urgent breakthrough. "Huanghai No. 1" Revitalizes China's Shrimp Hsiungfeng According to the latest statistics, China's shrimp genetic improvement technology and pilot demonstration project participating units Rizhao Fisheries Research Institute, Qingdao Excellence Marine Technology Co., Ltd., etc., annual sales of "Yellow Sea No. 1" Shrimp 100,000, the output value of 1.8 million; seed breeding 200 million, the output value of 1.6 million. In 2005, shrimp farming area was 3,600 mu. The demonstration area of ​​the demonstration area in Qingdao is about 2,100 mu. The average yield per mu is 84 kg. The average length of the shrimp is 14.3 cm. The output value is about 25 million yuan and the economic benefit is 12 million yuan. This is the first gratifying result of China's first artificially-selected rapid-growing new breed of "sea-breeding animal" "Huanghai No. 1". Speaking of "Huang Hai No.1", Kong Jie has a soft spot. He said that aiming at the problems that China's current shrimp aquaculture industry needs to solve urgently, such as the problems of instability in seedling growth, poor stress resistance, and severe degradation of traits, they conducted research on the breeding of new varieties of fast-growing shrimps in China and cultivated them. China's first artificial breeding of a new breed of marine aquaculture, "Huanghai No. 1." Through five years of research and technology integration, the company has completed the "China Standard Specification for Healthy Culture of Prawns". Each year, more than 5,000 SPF shrimp are cultivated. Research and establishment of standardized and systematic cultivation techniques for high healthy seedlings, production of high-volume, high-healthy prawn seedlings, cultivation of 1-2 million high-healthy seedlings each year, mainly in Shandong, Jiangsu, Hebei and Zhejiang provinces Municipal shrimp farming. Kong Jie said that in 2004, the use of "Huanghai No. 1" new varieties of fast-growing shrimp on a total of 4670 acres of field acceptance; in 2005, "Huanghai No. 1" demonstration breeding 4261 acres, and passed the site acceptance. One good prawn with disease resistance was screened and named as “anti-98”. He analyzed that after eight successive generations of breeding, "Huanghai 1" showed a series of excellent traits: rapid growth, and a significant growth advantage over the same period last year. The body length of successive breeding groups increased by an average of 8.40% compared with the control, and the weight gain increased by 26.86%. The results of multivariate statistical analysis showed that the length of the abdominal and abdominal segments of Chinese shrimp after breeding was increased. Strong resistance, total incidence rate at the end. The actual incidence rate is about 10%, and the incidence of unselected control pools is 30% to 40%. The Yellow Sea No.1 Chinese shrimp breeding technology research has been approved by the Science and Technology Department of Shandong Province in September 2004. Experts believe that it has reached the international advanced level. The shrimp breeding new variety “Huanghai No. 1”, which has been completed by breeding, has passed the examination and approval by the National Pedigree Research and Approval Committee and is announced by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China No. 348. The cultivation of the new yellow prawn varieties of “Huanghai No. 1” has played an exemplary and accelerating role in accelerating the development of the shrimp aquaculture industry, promoting the improvement of the level of marine animal breeding technology in China, promoting the improvement of aquaculture breeding, and satisfying people’s increasing demand for high-grade water. The demand for products and other aspects have great practical significance; it is of great significance to shorten the gap between our country and the world's advanced level and maintain synchronization and even leading position in many aspects. At the same time, it provides useful materials for the development of artificial breeding of other seawater organisms. In China, there are more than 200 million mu of shrimp farming area in China. Research results have been promoted nationwide. Annual output of shrimp will increase by about 100,000 tons, and direct economic benefits will increase by about 3 billion yuan. In addition, the development of shrimp breeding and aquaculture will also be promoted. The relevant production processes such as processing, feed, transportation and sales will also be developed. So far, the "Yellow Sea No. 1" Chinese shrimp has been extended to Hebei, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Tianjin and Zhejiang provinces and cities. Practice has proved to be effective and has produced significant economic and social benefits. At the end of the interview, Kong Jie proudly stated that since the 1990s, the research on Chinese shrimp has been deepened once and for all, and in particular through the support of the National 863 Project, the marine aquaculture technology in China has been greatly improved and solved. Several major problems in the current shrimp farming in China have enabled the industrialization and health of Chinese shrimp. China has a 18,000-km blue coastline and mariculture has developed into an industry that has a significant impact on the national economy and social development. A new Chinese shrimp cultivar "Huanghai No.1" led by the Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, a joint research institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Oceanography and the Ocean University of China, was established in Rizhao State-level Chinese prawn thoroughbred field and Haiyang Ocean 863 mariculture north base. Trials were successfully conducted in other places and yields were high. In 2005, the research team constructed a total of 134 families of shrimps in China, and 108 families were established using artificial-directed coitus technology, accounting for 80.6% of all families. There are 26 families established by natural copulation. The purchase price of "Huanghai No. 1" market is 50 yuan per kilogram, which is far higher than the price of white shrimp in South America. Digital 863 China has more than 200 million mu of shrimp farming area in China. Research results have been promoted nationwide. Annual output of shrimp will increase by about 100,000 tons, and direct economic benefits will increase by about 3 billion yuan. Kong Jie and his team published 51 research papers in national core journals, including 7 in English, 4 in SCI, and 8 in EI. Apply for 1 international invention patent, apply for 3 national invention patents, and cultivate 1 new variety. Three awards for scientific and technological achievements were obtained, among which, "Huanghai No. 1 Chinese Shrimp Breeding Research" won the 2004 China Academy of Fishery Science and Technology Progress Award. The "Study and Demonstration of Chinese Healthy Culture of Prawns" won the first prize of Marine Innovation of the State Oceanic Administration in 2004. The "Screening, Breeding, and Supporting Production Technology of Chinese WSSV against Prawn" won the second prize of Qingdao Science and Technology Progress Award.

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