Analysis on Symbiosis Technique of Raising Ducks in Paddy Field
1 Rice field duck symbiosis technology The rice field duck symbiosis technology is that 10-15 days after the rice is transplanted, the ducklings (10 days after deferment) are put into the rice field for feeding during the daytime, recovered at night, until the rice heading grouting, and the rice ducks are symbiotic. The time is about 60 days.
1.1 Rice and duck selection
1.1.1 Rice varieties. For rice varieties, Guangdao No.2 and Wendao No.1 with high yield, stable yield, strong resistance and good quality were selected.
1.1.2 Duck breeds. The duck breeds are selected from local ducks and Beijing ducks that have strong vigor, good resistance to stress, good sports, and food habits.
1.2 Rice breeding methods
1.2.1 nurture strong and strong. The use of dry seedlings or wet seedlings, cultivation age 35-40 days, with 2-3 蘖, the seedlings appearance requirements to be dense and strong, more tidy, leaves jerk, and plants are homogeneous and full of elasticity.
1.3 Rice transplanting technology
1.3.1 Preparation of rice fields. Paddy fields should be selected to be flat and contiguous with sufficient water sources. The paddy field should always maintain a water depth of about 15 cm, especially when the duck is in action, the claws can catch floating mud, play a role in cultivating loose soil, and promote the growth of roots and pods.
1.2.2 intensive cultivation. Daejeon requires three plows and three plows. Tian Ping is muddy.
1.2.3 Reasonable fertilization. Apply enough base fertilizer, Mushi rotting farmyard fertilizer 1000-1500 kg. If it is the rice field where the ducks are stocked for the first time, ternary fertilizer should be added 30-50 kg/mu.
1.2.4 Implement standardized planting. In order to facilitate the activities of ducks in the paddy field, a wide row of planting, plant spacing 16 cm, spacing 23 cm, 2-3 seedlings per hole inserted is appropriate. Or take a wide and narrow row of plants, width 27 cm, narrow line 17 cm, 13 cm spacing.
1.4 Main duck management techniques
1.4.1 Pre-stocking management
1.4.1.1 Preparation of protective nets and duck sheds. In order to prevent natural enemies from attacking ducks scurrying in the fields, before the ducks are put into the field, protective nets must be set up around the rice fields, and the height can be 40-60 centimeters, and a small area of ​​5-10 acres. Protective nets generally use inexpensive plastic woven nets. At the same time, in order to prevent strong light and heavy rain, as well as to facilitate feeding, 1-2 canopies were constructed in the corner of rice fields in each community to provide ducks with rest, feeding, and shelter sites.
1.4.1.2 Select robust ducklings. Uniform, well-trimmed, shiny, soft belly, well-healed umbilicus, plump and flesh-filled ducklings, struggling on the fly, loud, crisp, touching the feet of the duck, feeling warm, cloaking clean, slightly damp, shrinking powerful.
1.4.1.3 ducklings release water domestication. 1-5 days of age began to start ducklings training, domestication should be in the room before the 5th, the water depth of 2 cm is appropriate, after 5 days into the small pond, so that the free flow of water, ducklings each time when the water, water and feeding All of them use different whistles for domestication to facilitate future stocking management.
1.4.1.4 Immunization. Immunization is based on the occurrence and prevalence of local infectious diseases.
1.4.2 Management after stocking
1.4.2.1 Ducks are placed in paddy fields. Rice seedlings began to be fed 10 to 15 days after transplanting (10 days after de-warming of the ducks) and stocking density was 15/mu. The ducklings were placed in the pre-release area of ​​10-20 square meters at the corner of the duck shed in front of the Tianbian duck canopy. The ducks were bred in the priming area for 2-3 days before opening the portal of the initial arranging area into the Daejeon activity.
1.4.2.2 Field Management of Rice Ducks. After the ducks were put into the rice fields, the rice field management, including weeding, insect removal, cultivator and fertilization, was all given to the ducks. One thing to do is to regularly feed the ducks on a daily basis and use the whistle to domesticate the young ducks to concentrate on eating. This will help to develop the habit of “calling and coming†for ducks so that they can be collected at night. Ducks need to replenish ducklings every day for 3 weeks. The full price of feed 2-3 times, depending on the situation after 3 weeks daily or every other day to make up some duck feed, can also add some waste of agricultural and sideline products. Because the ducks like to eat rice ears, rice is not put into the rice fields when heading grouting.
2 Benefit Analysis Rice field duck symbiosis technology has been demonstrated in Guangnan County in recent years. In addition to the significant increase in rice yield and grain quality, it also shows the following benefits:
2.1 weeding benefits. Ducks like to eat plants other than grasses and water surface floating weeds. At the same time, ducks continue to step on them, killing weed seedlings, and the weeding effect is particularly noticeable. 15 days after the ducks were put into the investigation, except for a small amount of revolutionary grasses and barnyardgrass, such as Vicious weeds such as Dwarf Mushroom, Sedge, Sagittarius, etc. are eaten or trampled by ducks. The average weeding rate in the field was 95.4%. Artificial and chemical weeding was not necessary at all. In the symbiotic field of rice and ducks, weed control was better than that of chemical agents, and the field was clean and tidy.
2.2 disease, pest benefits. Ducks exercise in paddy fields and increase their permeability to prevent rice blast and sheath blight. It feeds on the weak leaves of old rice leaves, ineffective branching branches, field weeds, and part of sclerotia mycelium, reducing host diseases of rice and rice from disease sources, and enhancing the resistance of rice. Ducks like to eat insects and aquatic animals, they can eliminate many pests in rice fields, such as rice borers, rice leaf roller, rice planthoppers, rice borers, armyworms, and other rice pests. In the meantime, no indicators of prevention and control are available and no pesticide control is required. Its insecticidal effect is equivalent to the use of insecticides. After investigation, the effect of aphid pest control was 65%, and the control effect of rice planthopper was 75.1%.
2.3 Warming and oxygenation, cultivating water, and stimulating the growth of rice. Ducks can eat duckweed on the water in the paddy field, which is conducive to receiving sunlight to increase the temperature of the water. In the water, the duck feet step on the mud to stir up the field water, which plays a role in loosening the cultivating effect of the soil, increasing the oxygen content in the water, changing the aeration of the soil, and reducing The harm of toxic substances promotes the growth and development of root crops and solves the problems of cultivating and weeding. The duck's mouth and feet transfer rice roots, and the body is in frequent contact with rice plants to stimulate and massage rice and accelerate root development and promotion of rice. Plant opening and tillering has a significant effect on rice growth and seed setting. Through investigation, the average single plant seedlings in the symbiotic field of rice and ducks produced an effective spike of 4.6 ears, while the average single plant seedlings in the paddy field without ducks produced 3.8 spikes of effective panicles.
2.4 fertility yield increase effect. As a rich organic fertilizer, the excreta of ducks can reduce the application of chemical fertilizers in rice fields. According to relevant data studies, 1 duck lived in paddy fields for 60 days, excreted feces in paddy fields was about 15 kg, 15 mu ducks were stocked, and excreted feces in rice fields was about 225 kg (equivalent to urea per mu). 5.4 kg, 17.5 kg of calcium and 2.8 kg of potassium chloride, plus a sufficient amount of base fertilizer, no additional fertilizer can meet the needs of rice growth and development, and due to the ducks in the process of mud turning, Expanded and deepened the oxide layer of the soil, improved soil air conditions and hydrothermal conditions, was conducive to microbial activity, accelerated the release of oxygen, eliminated the denitrification effect of the oxide layer, thereby effectively increasing the conversion rate of soil nutrients. .
2.5 Effectively reduce pesticide residues, improve the quality of rice, and ensure the health and safety of rice. Rice field ducks do not use pesticides and herbicides and completely remove new sources of pollution. If rice fields with ducks are used for a long time, the pollution of soils and waters can be reduced or eliminated with the extension of time, the role of microorganisms, and chemical oxidation. Planting rice in such paddy fields can reduce or eliminate pesticide residues in rice, improve the overall quality of high-quality rice, and ensure rice quality health and safety.
2.6 Promote rice production, reduce agricultural costs, and increase farmers' income. According to several years, the records of paddy ducks have been calculated: the average grain yield per mu is 30 kilograms, which is equivalent to the purchase price of 2.96 yuan/kg, which is equivalent to 88.8 yuan; the cost of pesticides, fertilizers, and herbicides is 78 yuan/mu. Profit of 166.8 yuan has improved economic efficiency.
2.7 Save duck feed and improve duck meat quality. In general, feeding a duck to 3.5 kg requires 9.1 kg of feed. The average feed market price is 2.4 yuan/kg, and the cost of raising a duck is 21.8 yuan. According to the statistics of the records of feeding ducks in rice fields, one must raise one. Ducks cost 16.5 yuan, each duck costs 6.3 yuan, the saving rate is 27.6%, 15 stocks per acre, and mu cost savings of 94.5 yuan. Ducks were calculated according to the market price of 11.0 yuan/kg, 15 mu were for a total income of 165 yuan, and two were profits of 259.5 yuan. Coupled with the profitability of high-quality rice, the rice field duck technology in Guangnan County's experimental demonstration Tianzhong, acre profit of 426.3 yuan, increased the comprehensive economic benefits of rice and duck. At the same time, the ducks are feeding and playing in the fields during the day to make the ducks strong, the ducks compact and delicate, and the quality of duck meat is improved.
2.8 Increase the training rate of science and technology and improve courtyard hygiene. The use of rice field duck breeding programs combined with improved varieties, extensive publicity, and various means to carry out good technical support training for good seeds, so that the people of Guangnan County can skillfully hold the rice-duck symbiosis technology, thereby improving the training rate of science and technology, and increasing the level of farming households, so that Farmers have a full understanding of the production of "pollution-free" and "green" food, and have the benefit of promoting the popularization and application of agricultural science and technology. At the same time, ducklings in the rice fields also avoid the pollution of the family environment caused by ducks, improve the environmental hygiene of the farmers' yards, change the feeding habits of ponds, and reduce the occupancy of water resources and land resources by ducks.
In short, paddy field ducks not only promote the virtuous circle of the rice paddy ecosystem, there is sustainable development of benefit agriculture, but it also makes full use of water, land and other resources to ease the pressure of water resources, land resources shortage. And to achieve a double harvest of rice and ducks, its economic, social, and ecological benefits are significant, as long as further experiments, demonstrations, and then explore some of the technical measures adapted to local natural conditions, and actively guide the promotion of the area will have great development, will be The promotion of pollution-free production of rice in Guangnan County has important and far-reaching significance for improving rice quality and adjusting industrial structure in our county's high-quality rice products.
1.1 Rice and duck selection
1.1.1 Rice varieties. For rice varieties, Guangdao No.2 and Wendao No.1 with high yield, stable yield, strong resistance and good quality were selected.
1.1.2 Duck breeds. The duck breeds are selected from local ducks and Beijing ducks that have strong vigor, good resistance to stress, good sports, and food habits.
1.2 Rice breeding methods
1.2.1 nurture strong and strong. The use of dry seedlings or wet seedlings, cultivation age 35-40 days, with 2-3 蘖, the seedlings appearance requirements to be dense and strong, more tidy, leaves jerk, and plants are homogeneous and full of elasticity.
1.3 Rice transplanting technology
1.3.1 Preparation of rice fields. Paddy fields should be selected to be flat and contiguous with sufficient water sources. The paddy field should always maintain a water depth of about 15 cm, especially when the duck is in action, the claws can catch floating mud, play a role in cultivating loose soil, and promote the growth of roots and pods.
1.2.2 intensive cultivation. Daejeon requires three plows and three plows. Tian Ping is muddy.
1.2.3 Reasonable fertilization. Apply enough base fertilizer, Mushi rotting farmyard fertilizer 1000-1500 kg. If it is the rice field where the ducks are stocked for the first time, ternary fertilizer should be added 30-50 kg/mu.
1.2.4 Implement standardized planting. In order to facilitate the activities of ducks in the paddy field, a wide row of planting, plant spacing 16 cm, spacing 23 cm, 2-3 seedlings per hole inserted is appropriate. Or take a wide and narrow row of plants, width 27 cm, narrow line 17 cm, 13 cm spacing.
1.4 Main duck management techniques
1.4.1 Pre-stocking management
1.4.1.1 Preparation of protective nets and duck sheds. In order to prevent natural enemies from attacking ducks scurrying in the fields, before the ducks are put into the field, protective nets must be set up around the rice fields, and the height can be 40-60 centimeters, and a small area of ​​5-10 acres. Protective nets generally use inexpensive plastic woven nets. At the same time, in order to prevent strong light and heavy rain, as well as to facilitate feeding, 1-2 canopies were constructed in the corner of rice fields in each community to provide ducks with rest, feeding, and shelter sites.
1.4.1.2 Select robust ducklings. Uniform, well-trimmed, shiny, soft belly, well-healed umbilicus, plump and flesh-filled ducklings, struggling on the fly, loud, crisp, touching the feet of the duck, feeling warm, cloaking clean, slightly damp, shrinking powerful.
1.4.1.3 ducklings release water domestication. 1-5 days of age began to start ducklings training, domestication should be in the room before the 5th, the water depth of 2 cm is appropriate, after 5 days into the small pond, so that the free flow of water, ducklings each time when the water, water and feeding All of them use different whistles for domestication to facilitate future stocking management.
1.4.1.4 Immunization. Immunization is based on the occurrence and prevalence of local infectious diseases.
1.4.2 Management after stocking
1.4.2.1 Ducks are placed in paddy fields. Rice seedlings began to be fed 10 to 15 days after transplanting (10 days after de-warming of the ducks) and stocking density was 15/mu. The ducklings were placed in the pre-release area of ​​10-20 square meters at the corner of the duck shed in front of the Tianbian duck canopy. The ducks were bred in the priming area for 2-3 days before opening the portal of the initial arranging area into the Daejeon activity.
1.4.2.2 Field Management of Rice Ducks. After the ducks were put into the rice fields, the rice field management, including weeding, insect removal, cultivator and fertilization, was all given to the ducks. One thing to do is to regularly feed the ducks on a daily basis and use the whistle to domesticate the young ducks to concentrate on eating. This will help to develop the habit of “calling and coming†for ducks so that they can be collected at night. Ducks need to replenish ducklings every day for 3 weeks. The full price of feed 2-3 times, depending on the situation after 3 weeks daily or every other day to make up some duck feed, can also add some waste of agricultural and sideline products. Because the ducks like to eat rice ears, rice is not put into the rice fields when heading grouting.
2 Benefit Analysis Rice field duck symbiosis technology has been demonstrated in Guangnan County in recent years. In addition to the significant increase in rice yield and grain quality, it also shows the following benefits:
2.1 weeding benefits. Ducks like to eat plants other than grasses and water surface floating weeds. At the same time, ducks continue to step on them, killing weed seedlings, and the weeding effect is particularly noticeable. 15 days after the ducks were put into the investigation, except for a small amount of revolutionary grasses and barnyardgrass, such as Vicious weeds such as Dwarf Mushroom, Sedge, Sagittarius, etc. are eaten or trampled by ducks. The average weeding rate in the field was 95.4%. Artificial and chemical weeding was not necessary at all. In the symbiotic field of rice and ducks, weed control was better than that of chemical agents, and the field was clean and tidy.
2.2 disease, pest benefits. Ducks exercise in paddy fields and increase their permeability to prevent rice blast and sheath blight. It feeds on the weak leaves of old rice leaves, ineffective branching branches, field weeds, and part of sclerotia mycelium, reducing host diseases of rice and rice from disease sources, and enhancing the resistance of rice. Ducks like to eat insects and aquatic animals, they can eliminate many pests in rice fields, such as rice borers, rice leaf roller, rice planthoppers, rice borers, armyworms, and other rice pests. In the meantime, no indicators of prevention and control are available and no pesticide control is required. Its insecticidal effect is equivalent to the use of insecticides. After investigation, the effect of aphid pest control was 65%, and the control effect of rice planthopper was 75.1%.
2.3 Warming and oxygenation, cultivating water, and stimulating the growth of rice. Ducks can eat duckweed on the water in the paddy field, which is conducive to receiving sunlight to increase the temperature of the water. In the water, the duck feet step on the mud to stir up the field water, which plays a role in loosening the cultivating effect of the soil, increasing the oxygen content in the water, changing the aeration of the soil, and reducing The harm of toxic substances promotes the growth and development of root crops and solves the problems of cultivating and weeding. The duck's mouth and feet transfer rice roots, and the body is in frequent contact with rice plants to stimulate and massage rice and accelerate root development and promotion of rice. Plant opening and tillering has a significant effect on rice growth and seed setting. Through investigation, the average single plant seedlings in the symbiotic field of rice and ducks produced an effective spike of 4.6 ears, while the average single plant seedlings in the paddy field without ducks produced 3.8 spikes of effective panicles.
2.4 fertility yield increase effect. As a rich organic fertilizer, the excreta of ducks can reduce the application of chemical fertilizers in rice fields. According to relevant data studies, 1 duck lived in paddy fields for 60 days, excreted feces in paddy fields was about 15 kg, 15 mu ducks were stocked, and excreted feces in rice fields was about 225 kg (equivalent to urea per mu). 5.4 kg, 17.5 kg of calcium and 2.8 kg of potassium chloride, plus a sufficient amount of base fertilizer, no additional fertilizer can meet the needs of rice growth and development, and due to the ducks in the process of mud turning, Expanded and deepened the oxide layer of the soil, improved soil air conditions and hydrothermal conditions, was conducive to microbial activity, accelerated the release of oxygen, eliminated the denitrification effect of the oxide layer, thereby effectively increasing the conversion rate of soil nutrients. .
2.5 Effectively reduce pesticide residues, improve the quality of rice, and ensure the health and safety of rice. Rice field ducks do not use pesticides and herbicides and completely remove new sources of pollution. If rice fields with ducks are used for a long time, the pollution of soils and waters can be reduced or eliminated with the extension of time, the role of microorganisms, and chemical oxidation. Planting rice in such paddy fields can reduce or eliminate pesticide residues in rice, improve the overall quality of high-quality rice, and ensure rice quality health and safety.
2.6 Promote rice production, reduce agricultural costs, and increase farmers' income. According to several years, the records of paddy ducks have been calculated: the average grain yield per mu is 30 kilograms, which is equivalent to the purchase price of 2.96 yuan/kg, which is equivalent to 88.8 yuan; the cost of pesticides, fertilizers, and herbicides is 78 yuan/mu. Profit of 166.8 yuan has improved economic efficiency.
2.7 Save duck feed and improve duck meat quality. In general, feeding a duck to 3.5 kg requires 9.1 kg of feed. The average feed market price is 2.4 yuan/kg, and the cost of raising a duck is 21.8 yuan. According to the statistics of the records of feeding ducks in rice fields, one must raise one. Ducks cost 16.5 yuan, each duck costs 6.3 yuan, the saving rate is 27.6%, 15 stocks per acre, and mu cost savings of 94.5 yuan. Ducks were calculated according to the market price of 11.0 yuan/kg, 15 mu were for a total income of 165 yuan, and two were profits of 259.5 yuan. Coupled with the profitability of high-quality rice, the rice field duck technology in Guangnan County's experimental demonstration Tianzhong, acre profit of 426.3 yuan, increased the comprehensive economic benefits of rice and duck. At the same time, the ducks are feeding and playing in the fields during the day to make the ducks strong, the ducks compact and delicate, and the quality of duck meat is improved.
2.8 Increase the training rate of science and technology and improve courtyard hygiene. The use of rice field duck breeding programs combined with improved varieties, extensive publicity, and various means to carry out good technical support training for good seeds, so that the people of Guangnan County can skillfully hold the rice-duck symbiosis technology, thereby improving the training rate of science and technology, and increasing the level of farming households, so that Farmers have a full understanding of the production of "pollution-free" and "green" food, and have the benefit of promoting the popularization and application of agricultural science and technology. At the same time, ducklings in the rice fields also avoid the pollution of the family environment caused by ducks, improve the environmental hygiene of the farmers' yards, change the feeding habits of ponds, and reduce the occupancy of water resources and land resources by ducks.
In short, paddy field ducks not only promote the virtuous circle of the rice paddy ecosystem, there is sustainable development of benefit agriculture, but it also makes full use of water, land and other resources to ease the pressure of water resources, land resources shortage. And to achieve a double harvest of rice and ducks, its economic, social, and ecological benefits are significant, as long as further experiments, demonstrations, and then explore some of the technical measures adapted to local natural conditions, and actively guide the promotion of the area will have great development, will be The promotion of pollution-free production of rice in Guangnan County has important and far-reaching significance for improving rice quality and adjusting industrial structure in our county's high-quality rice products.
disposable face mask, kn95 , face mask, mask , Face Shield, goggle
disposable face mask, kn95, face mask, mask
Dongguan Marvec Electronic Technology Co.,Ltd , http://www.marvec-cn.com