Organic fertilizer composting method

Composting is an organic fertilizer widely used in rural areas of China. It is made up of straw, defoliation, weeds, water grass, green manure, peat, garbage, river mud, human and animal manure, and other organic wastes. Divided into ordinary compost and high-temperature compost. Ordinary compost is decomposed under odious conditions, the temperature of compost does not exceed 50°C, and the decomposing time takes about 3-5 months. The accumulation method differs depending on the season and other conditions, and there are three kinds of flat type, semi-pit type, and deep type. 1. The flat type is suitable for areas with high temperature, heavy rainfall, high humidity, high groundwater level, or summer fat accumulation. Before the heap, the terrain was dry and flat, close to the water source, and easy to transport. The pile is 2 meters wide and the stack height is 1.5-2 meters. The length of the pile depends on the amount of material. Before compaction, the ground is compacted and then covered with a layer of fine grass or peat to absorb the sap. Each layer is 15-20 centimeters thick, with appropriate amount of water, lime, sludge, human waste, etc. between each layer. A layer of fine soil or river mud is piled on top of the stack to reduce evaporation of moisture and volatilization loss of ammonia. Pile up for about 1 month, turn it over once, add water according to the degree of dryness and humidity of the compost, then stack it for about 1 month and turn it over till it is cooked. The speed of composting varies with the seasons. Summers are hot and humid, composting takes about 2 months, and winter takes 3-5 months to mature. 2. Semi-pit type northern half pit compost is commonly used in early spring and winter. Choose Gaoyang to build a pit in the sunny area. The pit is 0.7-1m deep, and the pit bottom is 1.5-2m wide and 3-4m long. There are pit-shaped venting trenches on the bottom of the pit, and the trench depth is 15-20cm. An aeration tower is set at the intersection of the ventilating trench. The compost was 1 meter above the ground, 500 kg of air-dried straw was added, and the top of the pile was sealed with mud. After one week, the temperature rises. After the high temperature period, the temperature in the heap drops by 5-7 days. It can be turned upside down to make the inside and outside of the pile uniform, and then piled until maturity. 3, deep pit pit 2 meters deep, all under the ground, the method of composting and semi-pit similar. High-temperature compost is a major method for the harmless treatment of straw, human and animal waste. Straw and excreta can be extinguished by harmful substances such as pathogens, eggs, and grass species after high temperature treatment. There are two types of high-temperature compost piled in plain and semi-pit, and the stacking method is the same as that of ordinary compost, but it is necessary to add specific microorganisms that can promote decomposition, such as "Manchuchun" biological starter, to promote straw, Rapid decomposition and decomposition of excreta. High-temperature compost generally undergoes several stages such as fever, high temperature, cooling, and decomposing, and the high-temperature stage can be sterilized by insecticide. Generally about 12 days of straw, human and animal excrement can be fully decomposed for about 7 days. Excerpted from China Agricultural Press>

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