On the cultivation techniques of lily
1. Propagation method: The method for cultivating lilies is to use bulbs to produce lily bulbs. Bulbs are generally grown from bulblets, bulblets, scales and seeds.
2. Soil preparation and application of base fertilizer: Planting Zijinshan Lilies should use Huangdishi (Maheitu) hillside and highland. Garbage can not be used for rubbish; otherwise, bulbs are prone to mold.
3. Planting bulbs:
(1) Planting period: The planting period of lilies is better for autumn planting; because it cannot emerge before the winter, the bulbs have good rooting in the soil and emerged early in the spring of the second year, and the growth potential of the seedlings is stronger than that of the spring plants. Also high. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the suitable period for planting is between September and October; in cold climates, it is best to plant plants as early as possible after thawing in the spring to avoid freezing damage.
(2) Bulb selection: Select only one scale bud, no pest damage, white, no mold, bulb damage, tight scales without cohesion, medium size (a single bulb diameter of 3.3 to 5 cm, weight 100 to 125 grams, 25 to 30 grams of small-sized seeds are planted on the bulbs, and the bulbs of the deformed and rotten petals are strictly excluded.
(3) Proper and close planting: The row spacing of Longya Lily is 40 cm 30 cm, and the row spacing of Zijin Mountain Lily is 33-40 cm, and the spacing of plants is 20-25 cm. Before planting, the planting trench was planted at a row spacing and the depth of the trench was 3 times that of the bulb. The soil in the ditch is loose, then the bulbs are planted according to the distance between the plants. The bulb tip must face upwards. Fill in the fine soil around the bulb and fix the bulb; then apply the base fertilizer between every 2 bulbs. Note that the base fertilizer cannot touch the bulb; finally fill the trench with soil and slightly over the ground to facilitate drainage . Asking for harvesting and planting so that the bulbs do not return home. After planting grass cover, it is easy to freeze and keep it in winter. The second half of the spring to set fire to cover grass before the emergence of the second year, eliminate overwintering pests and pathogens, can reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases, but also can increase the soil temperature and promote early emergence. If it is not covered with grass, it is necessary to cover the compost with composting in the entire area of ​​the twelfth lunar month (December lunar month), 2,000 to 2,500 kilograms per mu, to facilitate the winter.
4. Field Management:
(1) Intertillage, weeding and earth-cultivation: After lily planting, we should cultivator weeding 1 or 2 times a year ago; after spring, we must cultivator weeding 3 to 4 times; after entering plum (the beginning of plum rain), weeds must be eliminated. Lily's root system is shallow and the regeneration ability is weak. Therefore, the cultivator should be shallow and not deep enough. After top-dressing, cultivator and cultivator are used to combine cultivating soil to prevent the bulbs from appearing on the surface and promote the flow of water; soil should not be too thick so as not to affect the development of the plant (the position where the bulbs are born is about 15 cm deep in the soil layer). In the interplanting lily field, cultivator weeding and top dressing should be carried out after the crops are harvested; otherwise, the weeds will breed, take away nutrients and hinder the growth of the lily.
(2) Dressing: One week after sprouting in the spring, a shallow ditch is opened beside the roots of the plant. About 1,000 kg of cooked manure and 150 kg of cake fertilizer are applied per mu. In summer, when the plant grows vigorously, a shallow ditch is opened on one side of the plant, and the second fertilizer is applied. The Mushi is used to treat 1,000 kilograms of manure and 25 to 50 kilograms of cake fertilizer. After the buds were picked, shallow sulcus was opened on the other side of the plants, and 10 to 15 kg of urea was applied per acre to promote rapid bulb expansion. 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed twice at the flowering stage, and 2 to 2.5 kg of fertilizer is used per acre, which can increase yield, improve quality, and strengthen disease resistance. Nitrogen fertilizer can not be applied to prevent the stems and leaves from being susceptible to disease and affect the bulb color. Top dressing should end 40 days before the autumnal equinox; otherwise, the stems and leaves will grow long and inhibit bulb development. After Zijin Lily has applied its base fertilizer, it can no longer apply fertilizer, so as to prevent the stems and leaves from becoming long and green.
(3) Irrigation and drainage: Lily is afraid of crickets and afraid of drought. Drainage is poor and prone to rot; therefore, it should be possible to clear the ditch, and remove the water immediately after the rain, so that the rain will stop drying. If there is little heat during the summer, it should be filled with water in time; keep the soil moist and dry.
(4) Plant adjustment: Plant adjustments include removing pods, picking flowers, picking buds, and picking the top. When spring emerges, retain a strong stem and remove the rest so as not to cause bulb division. In late May and early June, buds and bulbs were removed to reduce nutrient consumption and promote bulb enlargement. In order to promote bulb enlargement, prevent flowering and excessive growth of stems and leaves, immediately when the buds occur, scissors should be used to cut off the top 1 to 2 in order to inhibit the growth of the shoots. Picking is too early or too late. Generally, it is advisable for the variety to be picked at the small full-blood. During the middle growth period, if the stem grows mad, cut more than 1.3 meters.
(5) Gaisha: After the last top-dressing, covering the soil with rice straw can reduce the soil temperature, prevent the long grass, keep the soil moist, prevent the soil from scouring, and prevent the bulbs from causing rot. In addition, the straw can also increase the soil after rot. Fertility. 400 to 500 kg per hectare of grass. If you plant melons, you do not need to cover grass.
(6) Preventing humans and animals from harming: When the ground is not dry, people are not allowed to go to the ground; otherwise, after stepping on a footprint and encountering water, it will rot several bulbs. After the emergence, the livestock and poultry must not be allowed to run into the ground, because breaking the stem will cause the bulb to rot.
2. Soil preparation and application of base fertilizer: Planting Zijinshan Lilies should use Huangdishi (Maheitu) hillside and highland. Garbage can not be used for rubbish; otherwise, bulbs are prone to mold.
3. Planting bulbs:
(1) Planting period: The planting period of lilies is better for autumn planting; because it cannot emerge before the winter, the bulbs have good rooting in the soil and emerged early in the spring of the second year, and the growth potential of the seedlings is stronger than that of the spring plants. Also high. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the suitable period for planting is between September and October; in cold climates, it is best to plant plants as early as possible after thawing in the spring to avoid freezing damage.
(2) Bulb selection: Select only one scale bud, no pest damage, white, no mold, bulb damage, tight scales without cohesion, medium size (a single bulb diameter of 3.3 to 5 cm, weight 100 to 125 grams, 25 to 30 grams of small-sized seeds are planted on the bulbs, and the bulbs of the deformed and rotten petals are strictly excluded.
(3) Proper and close planting: The row spacing of Longya Lily is 40 cm 30 cm, and the row spacing of Zijin Mountain Lily is 33-40 cm, and the spacing of plants is 20-25 cm. Before planting, the planting trench was planted at a row spacing and the depth of the trench was 3 times that of the bulb. The soil in the ditch is loose, then the bulbs are planted according to the distance between the plants. The bulb tip must face upwards. Fill in the fine soil around the bulb and fix the bulb; then apply the base fertilizer between every 2 bulbs. Note that the base fertilizer cannot touch the bulb; finally fill the trench with soil and slightly over the ground to facilitate drainage . Asking for harvesting and planting so that the bulbs do not return home. After planting grass cover, it is easy to freeze and keep it in winter. The second half of the spring to set fire to cover grass before the emergence of the second year, eliminate overwintering pests and pathogens, can reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases, but also can increase the soil temperature and promote early emergence. If it is not covered with grass, it is necessary to cover the compost with composting in the entire area of ​​the twelfth lunar month (December lunar month), 2,000 to 2,500 kilograms per mu, to facilitate the winter.
4. Field Management:
(1) Intertillage, weeding and earth-cultivation: After lily planting, we should cultivator weeding 1 or 2 times a year ago; after spring, we must cultivator weeding 3 to 4 times; after entering plum (the beginning of plum rain), weeds must be eliminated. Lily's root system is shallow and the regeneration ability is weak. Therefore, the cultivator should be shallow and not deep enough. After top-dressing, cultivator and cultivator are used to combine cultivating soil to prevent the bulbs from appearing on the surface and promote the flow of water; soil should not be too thick so as not to affect the development of the plant (the position where the bulbs are born is about 15 cm deep in the soil layer). In the interplanting lily field, cultivator weeding and top dressing should be carried out after the crops are harvested; otherwise, the weeds will breed, take away nutrients and hinder the growth of the lily.
(2) Dressing: One week after sprouting in the spring, a shallow ditch is opened beside the roots of the plant. About 1,000 kg of cooked manure and 150 kg of cake fertilizer are applied per mu. In summer, when the plant grows vigorously, a shallow ditch is opened on one side of the plant, and the second fertilizer is applied. The Mushi is used to treat 1,000 kilograms of manure and 25 to 50 kilograms of cake fertilizer. After the buds were picked, shallow sulcus was opened on the other side of the plants, and 10 to 15 kg of urea was applied per acre to promote rapid bulb expansion. 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed twice at the flowering stage, and 2 to 2.5 kg of fertilizer is used per acre, which can increase yield, improve quality, and strengthen disease resistance. Nitrogen fertilizer can not be applied to prevent the stems and leaves from being susceptible to disease and affect the bulb color. Top dressing should end 40 days before the autumnal equinox; otherwise, the stems and leaves will grow long and inhibit bulb development. After Zijin Lily has applied its base fertilizer, it can no longer apply fertilizer, so as to prevent the stems and leaves from becoming long and green.
(3) Irrigation and drainage: Lily is afraid of crickets and afraid of drought. Drainage is poor and prone to rot; therefore, it should be possible to clear the ditch, and remove the water immediately after the rain, so that the rain will stop drying. If there is little heat during the summer, it should be filled with water in time; keep the soil moist and dry.
(4) Plant adjustment: Plant adjustments include removing pods, picking flowers, picking buds, and picking the top. When spring emerges, retain a strong stem and remove the rest so as not to cause bulb division. In late May and early June, buds and bulbs were removed to reduce nutrient consumption and promote bulb enlargement. In order to promote bulb enlargement, prevent flowering and excessive growth of stems and leaves, immediately when the buds occur, scissors should be used to cut off the top 1 to 2 in order to inhibit the growth of the shoots. Picking is too early or too late. Generally, it is advisable for the variety to be picked at the small full-blood. During the middle growth period, if the stem grows mad, cut more than 1.3 meters.
(5) Gaisha: After the last top-dressing, covering the soil with rice straw can reduce the soil temperature, prevent the long grass, keep the soil moist, prevent the soil from scouring, and prevent the bulbs from causing rot. In addition, the straw can also increase the soil after rot. Fertility. 400 to 500 kg per hectare of grass. If you plant melons, you do not need to cover grass.
(6) Preventing humans and animals from harming: When the ground is not dry, people are not allowed to go to the ground; otherwise, after stepping on a footprint and encountering water, it will rot several bulbs. After the emergence, the livestock and poultry must not be allowed to run into the ground, because breaking the stem will cause the bulb to rot.
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