Microbial fertilizer treatment pollution
The ubiquitous microorganisms have a strong ability to decompose organic compounds and are natural cleaners. They are known as "guardians of the natural environment." It is conceivable that if there were no microorganisms, the plant and animal debris on Earth would be piled up like mountains, occupying the living space of human beings and leaving human beings no foothold. Thus, agricultural microbial preparations made with microorganisms as carriers are widely used for the treatment of soil pollution.
Microbes feed on contaminants
Liu Zhiheng, a researcher at the Institute of Microbiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences who has studied microbiology for more than 30 years, said that many microbes “feed on contaminants.†Carbohydrates, protein and fats can all be broken down by various microorganisms. Become their growing energy. The use of micro-organisms to solve environmental pollution has enormous potential for development, and more and more people are beginning to focus on the development of microbial agents for environmental protection. The use of live beneficial microorganisms as the main indicator, for agricultural production and treatment of soil pollution, the elimination of soil compaction, antagonism of pathogenic microorganisms, improve the quality of agricultural products, increase production, etc. are defined as microbial fertilizers. Now, microbial fertilizers have become an important category in the fertilizer family.
This kind of microbial fertilizer is a product made of one or more microorganisms combined or mixed culture, and the pollutants are degraded through their growth metabolism to achieve the purification effect. As most of the pollutants need several kinds of microorganisms to work together, the application of complex microbial fertilizers is more. Among them is a genetically engineered bacterium that separates the degradative genes of various microorganisms from cells and assembles them into a single cell, allowing them to combine the degradation functions of various microorganisms. It can simultaneously degrade a variety of pollutants. For transgenics."
The golden treasure microbial fertilizer mainly has the following three aspects in controlling the soil pollution:
One is that microorganisms oxidize and decompose pollutants into carbon dioxide and water as the final product, or into microorganisms and plant nutrients, such as photosynthetic bacteria and bacillus, to convert the odorous gas hydrogen sulfide into sulfur needed for its own growth. element.
Second, some microorganisms contain polysaccharide-based viscous substances that can adsorb pollutants in the environment. Liu Zhiheng emphasized that the situation of heavy metal pollution in the soil in China is grim. The use of microorganisms to adsorb heavy metal ions is one of the most promising methods for pollution control.
Third, after the microbial fertilizer is applied to the soil, the beneficial microorganisms become dominant bacteria in the soil environment and can inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria and spoilage bacteria.
Biological decontamination and treatment
There are thousands of microorganisms in the soil. For thousands of years, various microorganisms have survived and thrived in an environment. As humans want to obtain more benefits from the soil, they overexploited the soil by increasing the multiple cropping index, misusing chemical fertilizers, and applying unfamiliar manure.
If the multiple cropping index cannot be reduced, the pathogenic microorganisms will repeatedly infect the root system of this plant, creating an obstacle to reproduction. The amount of fertilizer used in China has reached 1.6 times the world average, and the amount of cash crops is even greater. The direct result of this is soil compaction. This kind of soil has very poor gas permeability, and the excrement produced by the respiration of plant roots is difficult to be degraded, resulting in soil pollution and resulting in plant root diseases. Uncooked organic fertilizers contain pathogenic microorganisms such as E. coli and are also sources of soil contamination.
Solve soil pollution, there are chemical methods and biological methods. The chemical method is the use of fungicides to treat the soil. Because the chemical sterilizers have the characteristic of “take-allâ€, the killing power of beneficial bacteria will be even greater at the same time when the pathogens are killed, resulting in imbalance of the bacterial flora in the soil. In the long run, it is more harm than good.
Biological methods are the application of microbial fertilizers. The absolute population advantage of beneficial microorganisms can not only "eat" pathogens, but also turn waste into treasure. In another example, natural organic fertilization depends on natural microorganisms. Therefore, the natural rotting of organic fertilizers is a slow process. Most farmers use organic fertilizers that are not fully cooked or not completely cooked. This organic fertilizer is not only useless but also harmful. The use of microbial fertilizers can decompose organic fertilizers that have already been applied to the soil in a short period of time, remove the harmful bacteria therein, and increase the organic matter that is truly useful to the soil and plants.
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