Geese at different stages of feeding and management
Goose is a kind of herbivorous waterfowl with high economic value. All kinds of wild grass and vegetables are good feed for geese. Goose is resistant to roughage, fast growth, and strong adaptability. China is a world leader in the consumption of geese and goose products. It has a strong comparative advantage and market competitiveness. Goose is dominated by herbivores, requiring less concentrate, grazing, and feeding, and it has fewer diseases and basically no medicine. The lack of gore medicine is one of the most ideal foods for modern people.
1 The biological characteristics of geese Goose good in the water for food, play and courtship mating; hi group home, there is a strong gregarious; quick response, can quickly receive management training and training, life is very regular. Slaughter, entry, mating, feeding, washing, playing, resting, laying eggs have a fixed time, the law is not easy to change once formed.
Geese are omnivorous poultry and prefer to eat green grass. They can make full use of roughage, such as weeds in the fields and roadsides, farmland, wheat grains, and even grass roots and tubers buried deep in the mud. use. Goose esophageal enlargement is spindle-shaped, easy to store large amounts of food intake. The muscles of the goose stomach are especially developed and can effectively lyse the plant cell wall for easy digestion. In addition, the goose's digestive tract is 10 times longer than the body, and the cecum is also well developed. Together with the alkaline environment of the goose's small intestine, it can dissolve cellulose and utilize the proteins in the grass.
Goose is full of dense feathers, which can play a role in thermal insulation. Its tail gland is well developed, and it is often rubbed with oil to wipe the body, increasing the waterproofness of feathers, so it has strong cold resistance.
2 Feeding Management of Goslings
Goslings within 4 weeks of age are called goslings. Brooding is the key link in the production of geese. Therefore, it is very important to do a good job of feeding and managing the geese during the brooding period.
2.1 Preparation before brooding The first step is to choose the site of the goose house before picking the brood. We must choose a place with abundant water, abundant grass source and good quality of grass.
The brooding room and outside and brooding utensils should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected 3 to 4 days before hatching. Indoor use can be formalin-potassium permanganate fumigation (1 m2 space fumigated with 42mL formalin and 21g potassium permanganate for 20 minutes), the walls are painted with 20% lime milk, and the floor is used 5 Disinfect the bleach suspension. Feeding equipment such as feed troughs and drinking fountains are washed with hot 3% lye and then rinsed with clean water and dried for use. The gutter is sterilized with a 20% bleaching creamer. The outbreak population of the brooding room should be equipped with a disinfection pool to block rat holes and snake holes. Ensure that the brooding room is dry, ventilated, and well lit. The litter used should be dry, soft, straw, or other straw that is free of mildew.
2.2 Selection of goslings Robust goslings are mostly active and lively. They have great eyes and eyes. They are sensitive to reaction. The yolk absorption and umbilical cord contraction are good. After hair shafts, they stand firm and powerful, their feathers grow thick and clean, and they struggle quickly and forcefully. When holding the neck up, the feet quickly shrink. We must resolutely eliminate the weak chicks with abnormal abdominal symptoms such as large abdomen, blood umbilical cord, large navel, taro head, stomping foot, and blinking eyes.
2.3 Management of goslings 1 Management of groups. After the goslings are bought back, they are grouped according to the size of the goslings to prevent the emergence of bullying, bullying, and inconsistent development. Throughout the breeding process, due to individual differences will gradually appear strong and weak, big and small, so it should be adjusted at any time. For the breeding density of goslings, it is advisable to raise 25 cubs per square meter in the first week, and then decrease by 5 to 10 per week. Keep strong young chicks, weak young chicks, big young chicks, young chicks, and diseased young chicks separately so that the growth of goslings is even and consistent. In addition, prevent goslings from stacking and crushing, isolate and treat sick geese in time, and strengthen the feeding and management of weak chicks.
2 timely water, open food and open green material. After the goose is bought back, it is boiled first. The specific method is: to add "vitamin C or multidimensional in each liter of warm water to stimulate the appetite of goslings, excrete meconium, promote metabolism, reduce stress and increase resistance. Attention should be paid to the adjustment of individual goslings that do not drink water. Press the gossip into the water 1 or 2 times, so that the goose can learn to drink water.The goslings will have a foraging performance in about 40 minutes after drinking water, at this time, the full-price compound feed with 20% protein content can be used, or soaked. 2 hours of broken rice or boiled uncooked, uncooked rice cooked with water, and the first feeding is not to be full, but only to be able to eat, so should be less to add Tim, the number of feeding is best first Feed 5 to 6 times a day and feed once at night, then feed 6 to 7 times a day, and supplement 1 or 2 times at night. As the age increases, the number of feedings gradually decreases. You can use the tray to feed some green fodder. You can use fresh ryegrass, Guimu 1 or other fresh and juicy leaves, grass, etc. The green material should also be washed and drained, then cut into filaments. The green material can prevent mutual armpit hairs, especially paying attention to feeding the concentrate material and then feeding the green material to prevent goslings Green material pick and eat concentrate, green material in order to avoid excessive intake diarrhea.
3 insulation and lighting. The body temperature of the goslings is low, the needle-shaped lanugos do not keep warm, their ability to regulate body temperature is weak, and they do not have the ability to adapt to changes in the ambient temperature. Therefore, newly hatched goslings need to be kept warm for 1 to 2 weeks. It is more appropriate to use a small group of bred chicks from the temperature, and the temperature requirement is approximately 28°C. Do a circle (shed) dry, food full, litter in the circle often turn the sun, updated. To breed young goslings, indoor lighting should be used overnight. Approximately 40W bulbs should be used for each area of ​​20 to 30 square meters, and the height of the suspension should be 2m above the ground. After 4 weeks of age, the illumination time can be gradually reduced at night, and the gradual transition from bright light to low light can be achieved until the lights are turned off.
4 feed. At present, China has not yet established a geese nutritional standard. According to foreign nutrition standards and breeding experience in different regions, the goslings feed 18% to 19% of crude protein and 11.5 to 11.72 MJ/Kg of metabolic energy. This nutrient level can substantially meet the rapidly growing nutritional needs of young goslings in the full supply of green feed. The ratio of fine green material is 1:2. To reduce feed costs, as long as the goslings do not lean, the ratio of fine green material can also be expanded to 1:4 or more.
5 health and epidemic prevention. Frequent diseases of goslings include gosling plague, bird flu, goose aspergillosis, goose plague, goose coccidiosis, goose foot disease. Goslings have weak resistance and are susceptible to various diseases. A strict system of hygiene and epidemic prevention must be established, and sanitation and disease prevention and control work must be done well. Goslings should be administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly in goslings for 1 to 2 days at a dose of 1 mL/body. 7-day-old and 21-day-old mice were injected subcutaneously with two doses of avian influenza and paramyxovirus, at doses of 0.5 mL/body and 1 mL/body, respectively. The 28-day-old chicken cholera propolis seedlings were intramuscularly injected at a dose of 1 mL/body. Various vitamins and antibiotics are added to the drinking water from the shell to 2 weeks of age to prevent stress and bacterial diseases from occurring. From 15 days to the end of the brooding period, 0.02% furazolidone was added to the soft water to prevent goose coccidiosis. Goose sheds and utensils are routinely sterilized every 2 days.
3 Feeding and Management of Goslings A goose is a geese from about 4 to 8 weeks of age. At this time, the goose is characterized by its digestive ability, adaptability to the outside world, and increased resistance. It is the fastest growth of bones, muscles, and feathers. During the period, the daily weight gain was rapid and began to deposit fat. The average daily weight gain was above 50g and the fastest was above 100g. The characteristics of feeding and management in this period were to fully grazing, strengthen the exercise, and practice the rearing method mainly based on grazing and supplementary feeding. In addition, if the geese can be reserved for species use, they should be selected according to their appearance and be isolated and reared.
Twenty-five to twenty days before the listing of geese, grazing is changed to grazing or cage rearing, preferably in cages, with 1 to 3 geese per cage to reduce or stop grazing, thereby reducing energy consumption. In the first week of fattening, 50% of the concentrates were used, and the proportion of concentrates was gradually increased to 70%. Feed 3 to 4 times a day. Can also be forced to fattening method - feeding method. Force feed into the geese's esophagus. According to the speed of digestion, the goose can't fill up too much at the beginning and gradually increase. It starts 3 times a day and gradually increases to 5 times.
4 During the rearing and breeding period of the breeding period, for the reserve gooses, the commercial gooses are usually marketed before 10 weeks of age. In the rearing period, bred geese must be kept under limited conditions to control their weight and prevent over-fertilization so that their organs, especially the genital organs, can fully develop, creating conditions for future high-yield production. If the weight can not control, premature sexual maturity, easy to cause yolk peritonitis, opening the production of double yellow egg ratio, prone to E. coli septicemia.
5 Feeding and management during the laying period Because of the continuous production of eggs during the laying period, the nutrients consumed are high, especially protein, calcium, phosphorus and other nutrients are lost. In order to increase the egg production rate of the breeding geese, we must first ensure the intake of geese. Sufficient nutrients, usually 3 times a day, 1 time in the morning, afternoon, and evening. Whether or not the feed is appropriate can be judged based on the condition of goose droppings. If the manure is thick and fluffy, it can be divided into several segments with a single stroke, indicating that the materials are suitable. If the manure is small and solid, the cross section is in the form of material, which means that there is less grass to feed, and there is too much feed; if the feces is light Without forming, the discharge is scattered, indicating that the amount of feed is too small, and the amount of supplementary feed should be increased.
Feeding management of 6 species of goose
6.1 Controlling light illumination has a greater impact on the reproductive performance of geese. Prolonging the illumination time near the laying of eggs can stimulate the geese to start production at a proper time.
6.2 Raising Fertility of Breeding Eggs To increase the fertilization rate of the breeding eggs, the nutritional needs of the breeding geese and the health status of the geese must be taken into account in order to establish a suitable proportion of male and female mating. Usually 1: (5-8). The natural mating of geese is mostly carried out on water. To choose a good source of water, this is the key to improving the fertility rate.
6.3 Pre-feeding breeding geese after a long period of maternity geese consumes accumulated fat from the body and has a significant reduction in body weight. During the pre-laying period, the original feed formula should be adjusted to increase the weight of the breeding geese and gradually transition to the laying period. (about 4 to 6 weeks).
6.4 The vaccination of gosling geese, goose paramyxovirus disease and egg-reducing respiratory syndrome should be done before laying eggs. At present, the main diseases of goose are gosling plague, gosling influenza, and E. coli disease of geese. Among them, the most dangerous disease is gosling plague. The effective prevention method for gosling plague is to prevent vaccination 1 month before the laying of the goose and 1 time after 1 week. This will not only effectively prevent the eggs from being poisoned, but also allow the goslings to go from the yolk after hatching. The maternally derived antibodies were obtained in the resulting passive immunity. Breeding goose during the production of eggs to do a good job of prevention and treatment of fowl cholera and poultry colibacillosis. Geese can be dewormed once. Goslings and utensils should be regularly sterilized. Regular preventive medications are given to geese.
Author: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University Institute of Instrument Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University
1 The biological characteristics of geese Goose good in the water for food, play and courtship mating; hi group home, there is a strong gregarious; quick response, can quickly receive management training and training, life is very regular. Slaughter, entry, mating, feeding, washing, playing, resting, laying eggs have a fixed time, the law is not easy to change once formed.
Geese are omnivorous poultry and prefer to eat green grass. They can make full use of roughage, such as weeds in the fields and roadsides, farmland, wheat grains, and even grass roots and tubers buried deep in the mud. use. Goose esophageal enlargement is spindle-shaped, easy to store large amounts of food intake. The muscles of the goose stomach are especially developed and can effectively lyse the plant cell wall for easy digestion. In addition, the goose's digestive tract is 10 times longer than the body, and the cecum is also well developed. Together with the alkaline environment of the goose's small intestine, it can dissolve cellulose and utilize the proteins in the grass.
Goose is full of dense feathers, which can play a role in thermal insulation. Its tail gland is well developed, and it is often rubbed with oil to wipe the body, increasing the waterproofness of feathers, so it has strong cold resistance.
2 Feeding Management of Goslings
Goslings within 4 weeks of age are called goslings. Brooding is the key link in the production of geese. Therefore, it is very important to do a good job of feeding and managing the geese during the brooding period.
2.1 Preparation before brooding The first step is to choose the site of the goose house before picking the brood. We must choose a place with abundant water, abundant grass source and good quality of grass.
The brooding room and outside and brooding utensils should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected 3 to 4 days before hatching. Indoor use can be formalin-potassium permanganate fumigation (1 m2 space fumigated with 42mL formalin and 21g potassium permanganate for 20 minutes), the walls are painted with 20% lime milk, and the floor is used 5 Disinfect the bleach suspension. Feeding equipment such as feed troughs and drinking fountains are washed with hot 3% lye and then rinsed with clean water and dried for use. The gutter is sterilized with a 20% bleaching creamer. The outbreak population of the brooding room should be equipped with a disinfection pool to block rat holes and snake holes. Ensure that the brooding room is dry, ventilated, and well lit. The litter used should be dry, soft, straw, or other straw that is free of mildew.
2.2 Selection of goslings Robust goslings are mostly active and lively. They have great eyes and eyes. They are sensitive to reaction. The yolk absorption and umbilical cord contraction are good. After hair shafts, they stand firm and powerful, their feathers grow thick and clean, and they struggle quickly and forcefully. When holding the neck up, the feet quickly shrink. We must resolutely eliminate the weak chicks with abnormal abdominal symptoms such as large abdomen, blood umbilical cord, large navel, taro head, stomping foot, and blinking eyes.
2.3 Management of goslings 1 Management of groups. After the goslings are bought back, they are grouped according to the size of the goslings to prevent the emergence of bullying, bullying, and inconsistent development. Throughout the breeding process, due to individual differences will gradually appear strong and weak, big and small, so it should be adjusted at any time. For the breeding density of goslings, it is advisable to raise 25 cubs per square meter in the first week, and then decrease by 5 to 10 per week. Keep strong young chicks, weak young chicks, big young chicks, young chicks, and diseased young chicks separately so that the growth of goslings is even and consistent. In addition, prevent goslings from stacking and crushing, isolate and treat sick geese in time, and strengthen the feeding and management of weak chicks.
2 timely water, open food and open green material. After the goose is bought back, it is boiled first. The specific method is: to add "vitamin C or multidimensional in each liter of warm water to stimulate the appetite of goslings, excrete meconium, promote metabolism, reduce stress and increase resistance. Attention should be paid to the adjustment of individual goslings that do not drink water. Press the gossip into the water 1 or 2 times, so that the goose can learn to drink water.The goslings will have a foraging performance in about 40 minutes after drinking water, at this time, the full-price compound feed with 20% protein content can be used, or soaked. 2 hours of broken rice or boiled uncooked, uncooked rice cooked with water, and the first feeding is not to be full, but only to be able to eat, so should be less to add Tim, the number of feeding is best first Feed 5 to 6 times a day and feed once at night, then feed 6 to 7 times a day, and supplement 1 or 2 times at night. As the age increases, the number of feedings gradually decreases. You can use the tray to feed some green fodder. You can use fresh ryegrass, Guimu 1 or other fresh and juicy leaves, grass, etc. The green material should also be washed and drained, then cut into filaments. The green material can prevent mutual armpit hairs, especially paying attention to feeding the concentrate material and then feeding the green material to prevent goslings Green material pick and eat concentrate, green material in order to avoid excessive intake diarrhea.
3 insulation and lighting. The body temperature of the goslings is low, the needle-shaped lanugos do not keep warm, their ability to regulate body temperature is weak, and they do not have the ability to adapt to changes in the ambient temperature. Therefore, newly hatched goslings need to be kept warm for 1 to 2 weeks. It is more appropriate to use a small group of bred chicks from the temperature, and the temperature requirement is approximately 28°C. Do a circle (shed) dry, food full, litter in the circle often turn the sun, updated. To breed young goslings, indoor lighting should be used overnight. Approximately 40W bulbs should be used for each area of ​​20 to 30 square meters, and the height of the suspension should be 2m above the ground. After 4 weeks of age, the illumination time can be gradually reduced at night, and the gradual transition from bright light to low light can be achieved until the lights are turned off.
4 feed. At present, China has not yet established a geese nutritional standard. According to foreign nutrition standards and breeding experience in different regions, the goslings feed 18% to 19% of crude protein and 11.5 to 11.72 MJ/Kg of metabolic energy. This nutrient level can substantially meet the rapidly growing nutritional needs of young goslings in the full supply of green feed. The ratio of fine green material is 1:2. To reduce feed costs, as long as the goslings do not lean, the ratio of fine green material can also be expanded to 1:4 or more.
5 health and epidemic prevention. Frequent diseases of goslings include gosling plague, bird flu, goose aspergillosis, goose plague, goose coccidiosis, goose foot disease. Goslings have weak resistance and are susceptible to various diseases. A strict system of hygiene and epidemic prevention must be established, and sanitation and disease prevention and control work must be done well. Goslings should be administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly in goslings for 1 to 2 days at a dose of 1 mL/body. 7-day-old and 21-day-old mice were injected subcutaneously with two doses of avian influenza and paramyxovirus, at doses of 0.5 mL/body and 1 mL/body, respectively. The 28-day-old chicken cholera propolis seedlings were intramuscularly injected at a dose of 1 mL/body. Various vitamins and antibiotics are added to the drinking water from the shell to 2 weeks of age to prevent stress and bacterial diseases from occurring. From 15 days to the end of the brooding period, 0.02% furazolidone was added to the soft water to prevent goose coccidiosis. Goose sheds and utensils are routinely sterilized every 2 days.
3 Feeding and Management of Goslings A goose is a geese from about 4 to 8 weeks of age. At this time, the goose is characterized by its digestive ability, adaptability to the outside world, and increased resistance. It is the fastest growth of bones, muscles, and feathers. During the period, the daily weight gain was rapid and began to deposit fat. The average daily weight gain was above 50g and the fastest was above 100g. The characteristics of feeding and management in this period were to fully grazing, strengthen the exercise, and practice the rearing method mainly based on grazing and supplementary feeding. In addition, if the geese can be reserved for species use, they should be selected according to their appearance and be isolated and reared.
Twenty-five to twenty days before the listing of geese, grazing is changed to grazing or cage rearing, preferably in cages, with 1 to 3 geese per cage to reduce or stop grazing, thereby reducing energy consumption. In the first week of fattening, 50% of the concentrates were used, and the proportion of concentrates was gradually increased to 70%. Feed 3 to 4 times a day. Can also be forced to fattening method - feeding method. Force feed into the geese's esophagus. According to the speed of digestion, the goose can't fill up too much at the beginning and gradually increase. It starts 3 times a day and gradually increases to 5 times.
4 During the rearing and breeding period of the breeding period, for the reserve gooses, the commercial gooses are usually marketed before 10 weeks of age. In the rearing period, bred geese must be kept under limited conditions to control their weight and prevent over-fertilization so that their organs, especially the genital organs, can fully develop, creating conditions for future high-yield production. If the weight can not control, premature sexual maturity, easy to cause yolk peritonitis, opening the production of double yellow egg ratio, prone to E. coli septicemia.
5 Feeding and management during the laying period Because of the continuous production of eggs during the laying period, the nutrients consumed are high, especially protein, calcium, phosphorus and other nutrients are lost. In order to increase the egg production rate of the breeding geese, we must first ensure the intake of geese. Sufficient nutrients, usually 3 times a day, 1 time in the morning, afternoon, and evening. Whether or not the feed is appropriate can be judged based on the condition of goose droppings. If the manure is thick and fluffy, it can be divided into several segments with a single stroke, indicating that the materials are suitable. If the manure is small and solid, the cross section is in the form of material, which means that there is less grass to feed, and there is too much feed; if the feces is light Without forming, the discharge is scattered, indicating that the amount of feed is too small, and the amount of supplementary feed should be increased.
Feeding management of 6 species of goose
6.1 Controlling light illumination has a greater impact on the reproductive performance of geese. Prolonging the illumination time near the laying of eggs can stimulate the geese to start production at a proper time.
6.2 Raising Fertility of Breeding Eggs To increase the fertilization rate of the breeding eggs, the nutritional needs of the breeding geese and the health status of the geese must be taken into account in order to establish a suitable proportion of male and female mating. Usually 1: (5-8). The natural mating of geese is mostly carried out on water. To choose a good source of water, this is the key to improving the fertility rate.
6.3 Pre-feeding breeding geese after a long period of maternity geese consumes accumulated fat from the body and has a significant reduction in body weight. During the pre-laying period, the original feed formula should be adjusted to increase the weight of the breeding geese and gradually transition to the laying period. (about 4 to 6 weeks).
6.4 The vaccination of gosling geese, goose paramyxovirus disease and egg-reducing respiratory syndrome should be done before laying eggs. At present, the main diseases of goose are gosling plague, gosling influenza, and E. coli disease of geese. Among them, the most dangerous disease is gosling plague. The effective prevention method for gosling plague is to prevent vaccination 1 month before the laying of the goose and 1 time after 1 week. This will not only effectively prevent the eggs from being poisoned, but also allow the goslings to go from the yolk after hatching. The maternally derived antibodies were obtained in the resulting passive immunity. Breeding goose during the production of eggs to do a good job of prevention and treatment of fowl cholera and poultry colibacillosis. Geese can be dewormed once. Goslings and utensils should be regularly sterilized. Regular preventive medications are given to geese.
Author: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University Institute of Instrument Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University
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