Citrus Orange Tree Simplifies Fertilization
According to the characteristics of growth and development of citrus, fertilization was changed four times in the past year to two, that is, in the spring and autumn fertilization, called the simplified fertilization, and achieved better results. The main technical introductions are as follows.
1, fertilization period: the spring is the key period of citrus sprouting, flowering and young fruit growth and development. Spring fertilizer is applied before the spring sprout, that is, the steady fruit fertilizer is advanced to the spring in the past, and it is applied together with the tip fertilizer, which can not only prompt the development of nutritive spring shoots, but also ensure timely nutrition before the second physiological fruit drop. Complementary, to achieve stable fruit, increase production purposes, but also can save labor, reduce labor costs, especially oranges can change the results of autumn shoots mother shoots for the spring shoots, reducing ulcer infections.
Autumn is a crucial period for the growth of fruits and autumn shoots. Applying fertilizer at this time will help improve the quality of the fruit, promote the growth of autumn shoots, ensure that the next year will have robust mother trees, enhance nutrient accumulation, and improve cold resistance. Autumn fertilizer should generally be carried out from late September to early October. If it is too late, it will affect the coloring and maturation of early maturing varieties. Fertilizer varieties mainly use chemical fertilizers and farmyard fertilizers.
2, the determination of the amount of fertilizer: Generally calculated from the theory: orange per 1000 kg of fruit to be taken away from the soil to remove 1.18-1.86 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide 0.17-0.27 kg, oxidation Potassium 1.7-2.61 kg, calcium oxide 0.36-1.04 kg, magnesium oxide 0.17-1.19 kg.
Rational amount of fertilizer = (absorption - soil supply) / fertilizer absorption and utilization. Absorption: The fruit yield contains N, P and K components, which are calculated separately. Soil supply: nitrogen is 1/3 of the absorption, and phosphorus and potassium are 1/2 of the amount of swell. Fertilizer absorption and utilization: nitrogen is 50%, phosphorus is 30%, and potassium is 40%. Calculate the theoretical amount of fertilizer, and then make appropriate adjustments according to varieties, rootstocks, tree vigor and yield, to make it suitable for the local conditions, in order to obtain high quality and high yield.
Experience fertilization combined with yield, recommend a reasonable amount of NPK. For example, if the yield per plant is 20 kg, 3 kg of cake fertilizer, 0.95 kg of urea, 0.76 g of superphosphate, 0.41 kg of potassium chloride will be required in a year, and the yield per plant will be 40 kg. 5 kg, 1.63 kg urea, 1.25 kg superphosphate, 0.68 kg potassium chloride, and so on. Generally, the amount of spring fertilization should account for 40% of the total annual fertilization amount, of which, organic fertilizer should account for 60% of the amount of spring fertilization; autumn fertilization should account for 60% of the total annual fertilization, of which, organic fertilizer should account for fertilization in autumn 80% of the amount.
3, need to pay attention to the problem: After fruit picking must be timely with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate +0.5% urea fertilizer, promote tree vigor as soon as possible. To avoid a single fertilizer, gradually implement leaf nutrient diagnosis and guidance of fertilizer application of organic fertilizer to ensure that the full supply of nutrients, give full play to the fertilizer effect and economic fertilizer. Potassium nutrients can significantly increase fruiting rate, increase fruit, and improve quality. Therefore, pay attention to increase potassium fertilizer. Potassium sulphate is better. If potassium chloride is used, it must be noted that the amount of one application should not be too much, and should not be applied successively. Generally potassium sulphate is used instead of potassium chloride after 2-3 years of application. At the same time, it should be used in conjunction with organic fertilizers to prevent accumulation of chloride ions and affect the quality of fruit.
1, fertilization period: the spring is the key period of citrus sprouting, flowering and young fruit growth and development. Spring fertilizer is applied before the spring sprout, that is, the steady fruit fertilizer is advanced to the spring in the past, and it is applied together with the tip fertilizer, which can not only prompt the development of nutritive spring shoots, but also ensure timely nutrition before the second physiological fruit drop. Complementary, to achieve stable fruit, increase production purposes, but also can save labor, reduce labor costs, especially oranges can change the results of autumn shoots mother shoots for the spring shoots, reducing ulcer infections.
Autumn is a crucial period for the growth of fruits and autumn shoots. Applying fertilizer at this time will help improve the quality of the fruit, promote the growth of autumn shoots, ensure that the next year will have robust mother trees, enhance nutrient accumulation, and improve cold resistance. Autumn fertilizer should generally be carried out from late September to early October. If it is too late, it will affect the coloring and maturation of early maturing varieties. Fertilizer varieties mainly use chemical fertilizers and farmyard fertilizers.
2, the determination of the amount of fertilizer: Generally calculated from the theory: orange per 1000 kg of fruit to be taken away from the soil to remove 1.18-1.86 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide 0.17-0.27 kg, oxidation Potassium 1.7-2.61 kg, calcium oxide 0.36-1.04 kg, magnesium oxide 0.17-1.19 kg.
Rational amount of fertilizer = (absorption - soil supply) / fertilizer absorption and utilization. Absorption: The fruit yield contains N, P and K components, which are calculated separately. Soil supply: nitrogen is 1/3 of the absorption, and phosphorus and potassium are 1/2 of the amount of swell. Fertilizer absorption and utilization: nitrogen is 50%, phosphorus is 30%, and potassium is 40%. Calculate the theoretical amount of fertilizer, and then make appropriate adjustments according to varieties, rootstocks, tree vigor and yield, to make it suitable for the local conditions, in order to obtain high quality and high yield.
Experience fertilization combined with yield, recommend a reasonable amount of NPK. For example, if the yield per plant is 20 kg, 3 kg of cake fertilizer, 0.95 kg of urea, 0.76 g of superphosphate, 0.41 kg of potassium chloride will be required in a year, and the yield per plant will be 40 kg. 5 kg, 1.63 kg urea, 1.25 kg superphosphate, 0.68 kg potassium chloride, and so on. Generally, the amount of spring fertilization should account for 40% of the total annual fertilization amount, of which, organic fertilizer should account for 60% of the amount of spring fertilization; autumn fertilization should account for 60% of the total annual fertilization, of which, organic fertilizer should account for fertilization in autumn 80% of the amount.
3, need to pay attention to the problem: After fruit picking must be timely with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate +0.5% urea fertilizer, promote tree vigor as soon as possible. To avoid a single fertilizer, gradually implement leaf nutrient diagnosis and guidance of fertilizer application of organic fertilizer to ensure that the full supply of nutrients, give full play to the fertilizer effect and economic fertilizer. Potassium nutrients can significantly increase fruiting rate, increase fruit, and improve quality. Therefore, pay attention to increase potassium fertilizer. Potassium sulphate is better. If potassium chloride is used, it must be noted that the amount of one application should not be too much, and should not be applied successively. Generally potassium sulphate is used instead of potassium chloride after 2-3 years of application. At the same time, it should be used in conjunction with organic fertilizers to prevent accumulation of chloride ions and affect the quality of fruit.
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