Autumn sowing corn fertilization

As the arrival of autumn approaches, fertilization has become a central topic among farmers. The author observes that many farmers still follow irrational fertilization practices, leading to significant waste and inefficiency. To address this, the following key points on fertilizing autumn corn are outlined for your reference. A substantial portion of the total fertilizer—approximately 50%—is applied as basal fertilizer, either through broadcasting or placing it directly in the planting holes. Applying a moderate amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer as seed fertilizer during sowing can significantly improve seedling vigor. Typically, 5 to 7 kg of ammonium sulfate or ammonium nitrate per mu is recommended. Additionally, trace element fertilizers such as zinc sulfate are often used for seed coating or soaking. For example, 2 to 4 grams of zinc sulfate per kilogram of seeds is suitable, or a 0.2% zinc sulfate solution can be used for seed soaking. During the seedling stage, which usually occurs when the plant has 4 to 5 leaves, it's important to apply fertilizer alongside weeding and soil cultivation. Fertilizer should be applied early, lightly, and in small amounts. If the initial soil preparation was poor, the base fertilizer was insufficient, or the seedlings are weak, it’s crucial to apply additional nutrients as soon as possible. However, if the base fertilizer was adequate and the soil is rich, with strong and healthy seedlings, additional side dressing may not be necessary. Stalk manure, also known as jointing fertilizer, is typically applied during the jointing stage—when the lower internodes start to elongate. This accounts for about 20% to 30% of the total fertilizer. It is mainly composed of organic materials, with a small amount of chemical fertilizer. For each mu of land, around 1,000 kg of manure can be applied, or 7 to 10 kg of compound fertilizer. This stage is critical for promoting uniform growth, especially in weak plants. Panicle fertilizer is applied during the tassel development and ear differentiation stages, which are crucial periods for determining ear size and grain number. At this point, it’s essential to reapply fertilizer, with approximately 60% of the total fertilizer being used. Quick-acting fertilizers are preferred at this stage to support the plant’s rapid growth. Granule fertilizer, also called grain fertilizer, helps maintain root health and protect the leaves. It prevents premature nutrient depletion in later growth stages and extends the functional life of the green leaves, ultimately increasing grain weight. The application of granular fertilizer should be light and precise, accounting for about 10% of the topdressing. If the soil fertility is high, the base fertilizer was sufficient, and the seedlings are vigorous, stalk fertilizer can be applied steadily, while panicle fertilizer can be adjusted accordingly. Conversely, if the base fertilizer was lacking, stalk fertilizer may need to be reapplied, and panicle fertilizer reduced. If there is a deficiency in panicle fertilizer, yellowing leaves, or early yellowing of lower leaves, it’s advisable to apply more grain fertilizer. Otherwise, it can be applied sparingly or not at all. By following these guidelines, farmers can optimize their fertilization strategies, reduce waste, and achieve better yields.

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