Apple Qiao Ji dense planting modified spindle trimming method
The cultivation of the apple tree anvil is closely planted and cultivated using a plant spacing of 2 to 3 meters and a height of 3 to 4 meters after the ordinary Qiao rootstock (such as Malus edulis) is combined with the common variety. The tree used for this cultivation method is a free (or modified) spindle. This management model of apple orchard not only has good fruit quality and fruitful results, but also generally results in fruit in 3 years and high yield in 5 years. The yield is stable at about 2500 kg/mu, and the high-quality fruit rate is over 60%, which is particularly suitable for apple suitable cultivation areas. . The disadvantage is that the canopy is difficult to control and later to prevent the canopy closure. The basic structure of the tree is 50-70 cm in height, about 2.5 meters in height, and 12 to 14 small main branches are evenly distributed on the center, and the opening angle is 75-80. Within 50 to 70 centimeters of the base, the distance between the small branches is 4 to 5 centimeters, and the middle and small branches are produced. More than 70 centimeters and 20 centimeters apart, 1 small main branch is left, and the spiral insertion is arranged on the center stem, and a small result branch group is directly formed on it. The branch axis length is 10-15 centimeters, forming a single axial extension. Main branch. Shaping Prune Matching Technique 1. Pruning of the first year. After the seedlings are planted, shoots are planted in more than 50 centimeters above the ground in four directions in the southeast and northwest directions. The distance is 4 to 5 centimeters and no more than 10 centimeters. After the buds in four directions were carved, one bud was carved at an interval of 20 cm and the height was 90 to 110 cm. In mid-September, choose the best growing and robust new shoots as the main branch in 4 directions. Pull the branches to open angles from 70 to 80, leaving the remaining branches except for 1 center to extend the branches. All the branches will be softened to 80~ 90. In winter cutting, except for the selection of small main branches and central stem extension branches, the remaining branches were removed from the base. The center dry extension branch from the bottom to the top every 20 centimeters inserted the main branch of the lower part of the empty, carved a bud, after the future sprouting branching as a small main branch. After cutting 3 buds, cut 20 cm intervals and retain about 80-90 cm. 2. The second year of pruning. Before sprouting in spring, the small main branch less than 1 meter in length is left with 1-2 axillary buds at the base for cutting, and the main branch with a length of more than 1 meter is slowly laid, and the lateral buds and back buds on the 1-year old branch are cut. Carving was carried out, and the number of carved buds accounted for 2/3 of the total number of shoots and back shoots of the shoots, in order to increase the shoot bud rate and promote the development of middle and short shoots. In early May, when the vertical shoots sprouting on the back of the main branch grow to 20-25 centimeters in length, the shoots on both sides and back do not move, and the small main branch at the base is girdled at the base to peel off the width. To be 1/2 to 1/3 of the diameter of the main branches that are stripped, promote flower bud differentiation and increase flowering rate. In mid-September, at intervals of 20 centimeters in the center of the center, choose one strong branch as the main branch, pull the branch to 70 to 80, and adjust the position so that the main branch is evenly distributed on the center trunk. . Except for the selected primary branch and the extended branch of the center stem, all the remaining branches were softened to 80-90. Efforts should be made to remove excessively dense shoots of the internal condyle and improve the ventilation and light transmission in the crown. During the winter pruning, the long branch of the sparse center that is not the main branch is dried, and the rest of the branches are not put on. In the center, the extension branches are cut every 20 centimeters to cut in 1 bud, and after 3 buds are cut, the interval is 20 centimeters, and about 80 centimeters to 90 centimeters are reserved. 3. The trimming of the 3rd year. Before germination in the spring, one-year-old shoots are germinated to increase the germination rate. In mid-May, when the new shoots grow to 20-25 cm, the small main branches maintain a uniaxial extension, and at the same time they are girdled to the main branch in early May. In September, the long branches of the central stem were selected and the main branch was selected according to the method of the second year. The branches were opened and the dense branches that germinated in the inner pods were properly removed. In winter pruning, except for the minor branch and the central stem extension branch, all the remaining branches on the center stem were removed from the base. The center stretches and prolongs the branches and puts them slowly, causing short branches and flowering results. 4. Pruning in the 4th year. Before sprouting in the spring, buds are carved for one year and the bunches can be cut in the appropriate position according to the branching potential. In early April, flowers are cut before flowering to remove excess flower buds or branches. In the first half of May, early control was applied to all erected tips and girdling was performed on the main branch. During winter cutting, the dense and weak flower buds, branches and branches of the pests and branches, and thin and weak branches are eliminated to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions in the crown. In addition, the pruning after the 5th year basically follows the pruning method for the 4th year. The length and angle of the upper main branch are controlled to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions within the canopy. In the summer, girdling of the small main branch.
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