American Botanists Discover New Plant Cell Pathways
According to reports from Terradaily Network on November 3, 2005, researchers at Oregon State University in the United States have made major discoveries in the field of basic botany, which may have a profound impact on the development of plant genetics and biotechnology. Researchers at Oregon State University have discovered a new pathway into plant cells by studying a wheat pathogen. This will make the development prospect of biotechnology more broad. The image under this microscope shows the structure of toxins and toxins in wheat cells. This is the first time that scientists have discovered a protein that crosses the membrane of a plant. It kills cells like a toxin. It was previously known that viruses and bacteria can penetrate the cell membrane and cause damage to plant cells, but no protein has been found to be able to play a similar role on its own. As the study progresses further, this will provide a new way of penetrating the plant cells, and may benefit from these characteristics, such as fast growth, disease resistance, or increased yield. Two articles published in the "Plant Cell" magazine published on November 3, 2005 published these findings. The way in which animal cell proteins function is strikingly similar to that in plant cells. This biological mechanism has aroused widespread interest in the scientific community. Scientists say that 600 million years ago, plants and animals differentiated from their common ancestors. Perhaps this is The biological mechanism has not been discovered since then. Lynda Ciuffetti, professor of botany and plant pathology at Oregon State University, said: "The access to plant cells is unknown to us." People have found that viruses and bacteria can carry proteins into cells, but now, proteins rely on themselves to cross the cell wall barrier without destroying their integrity. This is a very significant advance in the study of plant biology. Researchers have studied the pathogenic fungi of wheat stripe rust. Wheat stripe rust is the most serious disease causing food loss in the world. It can reduce the crop output by 50% in some regions. This fungus produces a variety of toxins that attack wheat plants, resulting in reduced yields and even missing grains. The problem of wheat stripe rust in the Great Plains and Midwest of the United States is very prominent. Professor Ciuffetti spent most of his life studying this host selective toxin. As a co-author of two articles, Viola Manning, a research assistant at Oregon State University, said: So far, we cannot exactly know how the protein produced by this fungus causes disease, nor does it know whether it is inside or outside the plant cell. . No one has previously found that without the help of pathogens, proteins can enter the interior of cells from the outside of plant cells. But now, proteins do penetrate cell membranes and act on chloroplasts, eventually leading to cell death. Scientists say that this mechanism may also be found in cells and other proteins other than wheat. Moreover, this mechanism will not only help solve the wheat disease problem, but also a new discovery of plant cell pathways. Andrew Karplus, a professor of undergraduate and biophysics at Oregon State, said: “We don’t know the exact mechanism by which proteins pass through cells, but the phenomenon is clear. Together with the work of graduate student Ganapathy Sarma, we have already clearly understood the molecular structure of the toxin. With the work carried out, we can not only find out the mechanism of protein into the cell, but also eliminate the effects of toxins. This will give us a new way of cell exchange, which can send the compound inside the cell and locate it on a certain gene. This puts botany research into a new, unprecedented depth. Scientists say that in animal cells, the process of protein entering the cell and functioning is very common. For example, the AIDS virus has played a destructive role. However, similar processes have never been found in plant cells that have differentiated animals for hundreds of millions of years. With the discovery of similar traversal mechanisms, scientists in applied research fields can change plants by adding or controlling growth, introducing new traits, and so on. The study was supported by the National Science Foundation, the National Cooperation Research Promotion Center and the Department of Education Services of the Ministry of Agriculture.
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