Viticulture technology

In January and April, management points 1, unearthed shelves, and wipe shoots were 10-15cm long. At the base of planting seedlings, a well-developed shoot was selected as the main vine culture, and all other shoots were erased. The principle of leaving buds is to stay strong and stay thin, leaving no leaves. Two-year-old seedlings and perennial seedlings: When shoots germinate to the size of corn kernels, buds and shoots are selected. First of all, the main culms off the ground below 50cm of the buds are all wiped out, more than 50cm erase buds in the eyes of buds and buds in the thin buds, leaving only one bud of each strong and full of buds. 3, fixed tip in the inflorescence exposed when the new tip length of about 15cm. According to the trend of new shoots, the principle of leaving a new shoot every 25cm is used to set the tip (usually 8-10 shoots per square meter). The ratio of shoots to shoots was 1:2. The remaining shoots were evenly distributed on each shelf so that the grape could be air-ventilated. In the future growth, the buds that will germinate later are constantly wiped out. 4, spraying protection: February and May management points 1, in addition to tendrils tendrils is a kind of useless organs, not only consume nutrients, but also bring many diseases, in the whole growth period, when the new shoots tendrils grow out, in time to tendrils Remove it. 2. Tied the seedlings immediately after the tendril removal, so that the plants can maintain upright growth. Using a thick bamboo stick with a thumb, insert 15 cm deep into the underground 15 cm from the root of the seedling, and attach the new shoot to it. When tying the tie, the new shoots should be distributed evenly, and the tie should be firm and loose, so as to allow the plants to grow more. When the new shoots of the two-year seedlings and multi-year seedlings grow to 60 cm, the new shoots are bowed and tied, that is, the fruit shoots are flattened and the head is down, so that the ear is at the highest point of the shoot, and the new shoots are evenly tied to the order and distance. Shelf surface. It is conducive to ventilation and light transmission to prevent strong wind from blowing fruit branches. 3, after the emergence of sparse inflorescence, according to the plant per vine load, as soon as possible sparse spike. Extend vines to retain 1-2 spikes, with fruit pressure vines, the results will be preserved single branches, weak branches do not leave the ear. For the recurrence of the second three ears in time to remove. 4. Ear-sacking shall eliminate all the shoulder-spread ears and the first and second deputy panicles. In the week before flowering, 1/4 of the ear tips shall be promptly removed to make the seats of the fruit set neatly and in uniform size. June and June management points 1, the new tip topping: 5-7 days after flowering began. Results The toppings left about 10 mature leaves above the ear. Development of leaves left 10-13 leaves topping. When the vine was extended to about 1.5 meters in length, it was the first time it was picked to promote the growth of the main vine. 2. Auxiliary tip treatment: When the seedling shoots below 50cm, keep 3 leaves topping. Above 50cm, 4-6 leaves of the axe are left to pick up the heart, and the leaves of the second auxiliary shoot are repeatedly picked to the heart. Two-year seedlings and years of seedlings were treated with axillary shoots: the result was that the shoots were completely wiped off from the branches of the branches, and a leaf was left above the ear to perform a topping heart. Development of shoots of axillary shoots to retain a leaf repeatedly topping. 3, Shunsui shaking ear: The clip on the wire and the middle of the branches of the fruit, along the shelf was drooping, making it natural growth. After the Xiehua, shake each fruit before the shrubs to shake off the poorly-fertilized fruit as soon as possible to save nutrients. 4. Sparse grains: 1-2 weeks after fruit set, sparsely fertilized, undeveloped granules, deformed grains, and grains that have been damaged and squeezed too tightly. After rinsing, the fruit is uniform. Keep 40-80 grains per panicle. 5, Ears bagging: After fruit thinning, when the young fruit size begins to June 15 sets. Bagging can improve the appearance quality of the ear, make the fruit surface smooth, bright and beautiful, and can reduce the pollution and residue of pesticides, can effectively prevent white rot, anthrax, black pox, sunburn and other diseases, but also To prevent the damage of birds, bees, insects, etc., spray 1,000 times 50% compound carbendazim or 800 times 70% thiophanate methyl in 2-3 days before bagging. 6, during the expansion of top dressing, watering four, July management points 1, then Miao Zhuman July 20 for the second topping. 2. Auxiliary tip treatment: 4-5 pieces of leaf topping are preserved after seeing the mature leaves at the tip of the top secondary tip. 3, cultivating weeding 4, fertilization: 5, check the fruit bagging situation, if diseased in time to cut off. Five-August and September Management Highlights The Miaozhu Manna performed its third pick-up on August 20th. 2, in addition to diseased leaf insects. Use scissors to cut pests and leaves and collect the buried soil. 3, hit the leaf and go tendrils. The results of the branches under the ears of the fruit to be destroyed, in order to reduce the thickness of the leaf curtain, is conducive to ventilation and light transmission, will not wear the fruit surface. 4, summer cut. For long leaves and long vine shoots by sparse, shrink, cut, pick and other measures to deal with, is conducive to ventilation and light, fruit color. 5. In late September, turn the ear about 10 days before harvest to achieve uniform color. Management Points for October and October 1. Fruit Harvesting and Packaging: Every morning at 8:00 am, the dew begins to dry, to 11:00, and from 3:00 to 7:00. Rainy days should stop mining immediately, and wait for the rain to dry before mining. When harvesting, cut the pedicel near the base of the new shoot and gently place it in the collection box. Be careful not to wipe off the fruit powder, break the peel, fruit stems, keep the ear beautiful, in order to facilitate the sale. Pick up the contaminated items and pack them by grade. Autumn basal fertilization: In principle, it is required to be carried out in autumn, and early application is good, that is, it should be completed in late September to October. It is most appropriate to apply the soil more than one month after the autumn berry harvest or before the grape autumn stops growing. Fertilization method: The location of the fertilization ditch is on both sides of the planting ditch and the ditch is alternately excavated every other year. The first year was in the frame and the second year was outside the frame. The method: open the groove 50 cm from the root, 40 cm wide and 50 cm deep. When the ditching meets thicker root system, it can't be cut off, and it can be done naturally. After digging the ditch, it can be backfilled timely. All kinds of organic manure such as pigs, cattle, chickens and duck dung, diammonium and other compound fertilizers are mixed with the soil. The soil is topped with earth and filled with water. In the third year, the fertilizing joints of the basal fertilization joints continued to open outwards in a one-year frame, with a depth of 60 cm and a width of 40 cm. The manure and soil were mixed and filled into the ditch, and the earth was filled with earth. Immediately after the fertilization watering, so that the base fertilizer quickly play a role. 3, winter pruning. Time: late October. The purpose is to focus on nutrition, adjust the load, facilitate wintering, reduce the source of diseases and insects and the next year's injury. Methods: The plants were mainly plasticized in 1-3 years. The fruit branches were pruned with short shoots, which means that 2-3 buds were cut. In the fruiting period, the tree is full and the result is large. It is necessary to stabilize the yield and tree vigor. When pruning, pay attention to the renewal of the aging main and lateral vines, and use shrinkage to retreat to the back of the branches. The result was a result of short branches. In order to ensure the quality of the fruit, the result volume leaves 8-10 shoots per square meter, 4-6 branches. The burden per square meter is 3-5 kg. In this way, the density of leaving shoots and leaving buds does not result in canopy closure and leads to a decline in the quality of the grapes. As a result, branch updates are updated in single branches. The annual branch leaves 2-3 buds for short cuts, and after the second year for branching, the short cuts of the one-year-old branches left in the winter cuts are selected as the resulting branches. All branches were cut off. It will be renewed and renewed each year so as to ensure the strength of the results. Cut tendrils, dead branches and various tying objects must be thoroughly cut during winter cuts. The most important one is that all green immature branches must be removed. July and November management points to clear up the orchard: to reduce the source of overwintering, cut down when the winter cut sick branches, diseased leaves and fruit must be cleaned together, deep buried or burned. Every year so, to reduce the source of the next year's pests and prevent the spread of germs. Pouring frozen water: the need for wintering of the root system. Keeping cold: Keeping vines free from frost damage and safely wintering. Methods: After the winter cut, the branches of the dendrobium were bundled together with a nylon cord and then disinfected with lime sulfur. After drying, put a layer of corn stalk buried and cover it with mulch. China Agricultural Network Editor