How to achieve the best effect of basal fertilizer in apple orchard
In order to improve the application effect of base fertilizer in apple orchard, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the period of fertilization, the type and proportion of fertilizer, the amount of fertilization, the method of fertilization, and the position of fertilization.
1. The best time to fertilize. Apple tree basal fertilizer can be applied in autumn, winter, and spring. The effect of autumn is the best, and it should be applied in mid to late October at the latest.
2. Comparing fertilizers scientifically. Apple trees need a lot of nutrients for normal growth and development. Conditional orchards should understand the nutrient status of the tree body through leaf analysis, soil testing, etc., and then implement scientific formula fertilization, and try to implement "sufficient organic fertilizer, with biological Fertilizer, balanced inorganic fertilizer, combined with mineral fertilizer, pay attention to the "four fertilizers and one conditioning" fertilization technology of soil conditioners.
3. Apply in the best area. Apply basal fertilizer in autumn at a suitable depth and depth from the tree, and apply it to the place where the root system is more distributed and concentrated. Generally speaking, the distribution of underground roots is mostly consistent with the distribution of above-ground branches and leaves. Therefore, the distance between the fertilization and the trunk should be at the edge of the vertical projection of the crown, and the depth is 30-40 cm.
4. Farmyard manure is completely decomposed. Farmyard manure is a treasure, and fruit trees cannot grow without it. Fold manure, barn manure, chicken manure, sheep manure, human feces, grass manure, crop straw, and deciduous weeds must be decomposed before they can be absorbed and utilized by fruit trees. Applying immature farmyard manure directly, the heat and poisonous gas generated during the later fermentation will easily burn the roots, and will also attract many pests to eat the root bark and weaken the tree's vigor. These raw feces and urine should be mixed with branches and leaves, add appropriate amount of ammonium bicarbonate and water, piled up, covered with mud or plastic paper, and subjected to high-temperature retort treatment. After 80 to 100 days, the fertilizer is fully decomposed and applied underground , Mix well with soil and other fertilizers, the effect is the best. If farmyard manure is in short supply, high-quality factory-produced humic acid refined organic fertilizer can be used, such as Haowei humic acid refined organic fertilizer.
Fifth, the effect of combining fertilizer and water is good "water can keep up, but fertilizer effect is different". The sufficient water content in the soil is conducive to the decomposition, release, transportation and absorption of various organic and inorganic nutrients. In the tree body, water participates in the whole process of nutrient distribution, transportation, and transfer. After fertilization, with good water management, the best effect of autumn basal fertilizer can be achieved by adjusting fertilizer with water and using fertilizer.
6. Change one point of pile application to more point of staggered application. A little pile application method is to dig a hole in the middle of the two trees, or dig a hole on one side of the tree, gather the fertilizer together, and then sprinkle it in the hole without mixing the fertilizer and the soil evenly with a rake. This fertilization method is very It is easy to cause fertilizer damage, burning roots and dead trees. The correct method should be: 1. Open every tree. 3 to 5 radiating trenches 1.5 to 2 meters long and 30 cm wide (pay attention to the dislocation of the trenches every year), apply the fertilizer according to the amount, and use the iron rake to mix the fertilizer with the soil and cover it. 2. Mix all kinds of fertilizers evenly in advance, sprinkle them evenly in the orchard, and then turn them into the soil with a shovel to a depth of 20-30 cm. The above fertilization method is most suitable for mature gardens and dense planting gardens with roots all over the garden. It not only increases the fertilizer application points and enlarges the fertilization area, but also is not easy to form fertilizer damage and root growth obstacles. The absorption roots of about 40 cm can also be very good. Good protection, at the same time the permeability of orchard soil and the ability to retain fertilizer and water are further enhanced.
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