Cultivation Techniques of White Momordica charantia

In recent years, the cultivation area of ​​Greenhouse White in our city has been increasing year by year. The planting area reached 667hm2 in 2001, and rose to 30hm2 in 2002. The products are mainly sold to Quzhou, Jinhua and other markets. The white bitter gourd has good quality and conforms to local consumption habits, and is very popular in the market. * The selling price is 7-8 yuan / kg, the output is 2500-3000kg per 667m2, the output value is about 5000 yuan, the planting profit is quite high, there is still room for expansion. Now its cultivation techniques are introduced as follows. 

1 Variety selection

The local variety of Jiande City-Qiandao Baiyu bitter gourd was selected. This variety is an early-maturing species, the plant grows vigorously, and the first female flower is born from the 8th to 11th sections of the main vine. Melon color snow white, long cylindrical, melon length 30 ~ 45cm. The epidermis of the melon has nodular protrusions and is shiny when mature. The weight of single melon is 250 ～ 500g, the taste is slightly bitter and fragrant, and the quality is good. Low temperature and weak light resistance, suitable for spring greenhouse cultivation. 

2 Sowing seedlings

The planting period is between mid-December and late January of the following year. Use the electric heating line in the greenhouse to raise seedlings. Every 667m2 needs 250 ～ 500g of seeds. Momordica charantia seed coat is hard, in order to germinate early, soak seeds with warm water before sowing. First immerse the seeds in warm water at 55 ～ 60 ℃, stir while immersing. After cooling, soak in clear water for 24 hours to make the seeds fully absorb water. After the seedling bed is covered with electric heating line, the bottom water needs to be poured. After the seeds are evenly spread, the soil is covered with 1cm. The surface of the border is covered with a thin layer of straw or mulch for moisture and heat preservation. . After 5 to 7 days, most seeds can germinate. After a few seeds were unearthed, the cover was removed in time to see the light. When two true leaves were selected, they were moved to a nutrient bowl to cultivate strong seedlings. During the seedling period, the shed should have less ventilation, and the middle shed should be covered at night. When the seedlings have 5 to 7 true leaves and the seedling age is about 50 to 60 days, the middle shed film is removed, and the greenhouse can be properly ventilated to reduce the temperature of the shed for low temperature seedling cultivation. During the nursery period, spraying pesticides such as Metalaxyl, Sucling, Virus A to prevent diseases. 

3 Site preparation, fertilizer application and planting

Construct a shed with deep fertile soil and convenient irrigation and drainage. The base fertilizer uses 50kg of ternary compound fertilizer 50kg, rapeseed cake 50kg and rotted organic fertilizer 2000 ～ 3000kg every 667m2. Spread the fertilizer on the surface of the soil, and then turn it over and build it up. The furrow is built in a turtle-shaped shape, and the width of the continuous ditch is about 13m. It can be planted after being covered with plastic film. Generally, after mid-February, seedlings are planted on sunny days when there are 7-9 true leaves. Each row is planted in a row, planted in the middle of the row, with a plant distance of 35 to 45 cm, and 1200 to 1500 plants planted in 667 m2 plants. 

4 Field management

4.1 Temperature management Bitter melon prefers higher temperatures, and the greenhouse at the seedling stage should be closed and not ventilated. The temperature of the greenhouse should be increased as much as possible to promote the plants to take root and grow early. Before mid-April, the temperature was low, mainly heat preservation, and proper ventilation in high-temperature weather. The temperature of the shed was kept at 20-30 ℃ during the day and above 15 ℃ at night. Entering the result period, the shed temperature gradually rises, the amount of ventilation should be increased on sunny days, and the shed temperature should be appropriately reduced. The temperature during the day should be controlled between 25 ～ 32 ℃, and the night temperature should be above 15 ℃. After late May, the skirt membrane was removed and ventilated day and night. 

4.2 Fertilizer and water management Bitter gourd prefers fertilizer. After planting slow seedlings, the fertilizer can be chased 1 or 2 times according to seedling growth. Miaowang should be chased less or not, and seedling failure should be chased more. Generally, no more fertilizer should be applied before fruiting. The first batch of melons must be swollen and must be top-dressed once before harvesting. Every 667m2, the ternary compound fertilizer should be applied at 10 ~ 15kg. After that, 2-3 batches of top-dressing fertilizer should be harvested once to prevent premature aging. Top dressing can be carried out simultaneously with irrigation, and fertilizer with drip irrigation facilities can be applied with drip irrigation after dissolving, and can also be applied in pits or pouring. 

Bitter melon prefers moisture and is not resistant to waterlogging. It is appropriate to control irrigation in the early stage, as long as the border is kept moist. After sitting on the melon, the plant needs a lot of water, and water should be supplied in time, avoiding water shortage and drought. Sunny days generally irrigate once every 3 to 4 days. 

4.3 Stretching the whole vine for ease of management, reducing the amount of seedlings used, planting with a single plant, and spreading twigs on both sides of the vine. That is, each plant selects 3 to 4 vigorously growing side vines, and removes the remaining side vines. Insert a bamboo stick on each side of each bitter gourd, and set up an adult character frame. Only the melons are kept on the side vines less than 1m, and no branch vines are left to facilitate ventilation and light transmission. When the vine climbs to the top of the rack, let it grow and no longer prunes. 

4.4 Artificially-assisted pollination Due to the low temperature and weak light in the greenhouse, the normal pollination and fertilization of bitter gourds are affected, which often leads to the occurrence of undesirable and deformed melons. Artificially assisted pollination is the most effective way to increase early production and increase fruit setting rate. Every morning after the male and female flowers open, pick the male flowers and pollinate on the stigmas of the female flowers. 〖Jp3〗 Bitter melon flowers usually only open for 1 day and must be pollinated every day. There are few male flowers in the early stage, so it should be used sparingly. 

5 Controlling pests and diseases

The early stage of bitter gourd disease is less, mainly virus disease. It should be sprayed in time before the disease or a small number of plants to prevent the disease. It can be sprayed with 20% virus a500 times 2 to 3 times, which has better control effect. Powdery mildew is the main disease in the middle and late stages of bitter gourd. Before or during the onset of the disease, the drug effect is better. 15% powder rusting 1500 times, 40% chlorconazole 1500 times or 45% lime sulfur mixture 500 times spray can be selected. Momordica charantia generally has fewer pests. There are mainly melon fruit fly and melon silk borer. It can be selected to use 1800% afutin emulsifiable concentrate 3000 ~ 4000 times, 5% Ruijinte 2000 ~ 3000 times, 25% deltamethrin 3000 times spray control. 

6 Harvest

Picking must be timely, generally in the middle and late April, when the melon sticks are full and shiny, they are picked and listed.

Disclaimer: Some articles of this website are transferred from the Internet. If the legal rights of third parties are involved, please inform this website for processing. phone