Cultivation and daily management measures of high-risk vegetable basil
Perilla is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been developed and used as a high-quality health vegetable in recent years. Its tender stems and leaves are the best for salads and fried foods. It is sown to harvest for about 100 days. It is suitable for cultivation in southern Fujian. Exports of fine varieties.
First, choose a good nursery field. The seedlings are cultivated in sandy soil with convenient drainage and irrigation and high organic matter content. After plowing, the entire surface of the sorghum is 1m wide, and the ditch is 0.3m deep and deep. The soil on the sorghum surface must be finely crushed, firm and smooth, free from weeds and gravel. Spreading 20 cm thick straw or sugar cane leaves on the ravioli and setting it alight can significantly reduce weeds and pests.
Second, seed treatment and sowing. Soak the seeds in fresh water for 1-2 hours and then remove them. Place them in the freezer of the refrigerator for about 12 hours and take them out to dry.
The cultivation practice for 3 years proved that early sowing can be early flowering, and generally should be sown in mid-December. After drying, the seeds are mixed well with fine sand and evenly sprinkled on the ash of straw or sugar cane leaves. The seeds can be covered or 667 square meters (1 mu) can be covered with mushroom soil or earth fertilizer 300-500 kg. Species. Seed field planting volume of 667 square meters 0.4-0.6 kg. After sowing, a 0.5-0.6-meter-high, 1.2-1.3-meter-long arch shed is placed on a bamboo culm, and the shed is covered with a film to keep it warm. The soil around the shed film is compacted with clay. Generally, the seedlings begin to emerge after 7 days and the seedlings are basically 10-15 days old.
Third, seedling management. Combined removal of weeds in the nursery to remove denser weak seedlings. Two-leaf and one-hearted people apply 400-500 kilograms of human feces and urine per acre. Every 10 days thereafter, a person's excrement is thinly applied and the seedbed is kept moist. In case of temperature rise in the later period, it is necessary to remove the film in a timely manner to prevent leggy, in case of low temperatures, it is necessary to cover the seedlings in time. One week before transplanting, the seedlings were sprayed once and they were sprayed with 800 parts of carbendazim to prevent and treat seedlings.
Fourth, soil preparation and transplanting. Choose lands that are convenient for drainage and irrigation, and used to be used as paddy fields, add 667 square meters of mushroom soil or mixed fertilizer 1,000 kilograms, deep plowing, whitening, and plowing, to make the soil finely crushed, loose, smooth, and then the whole width 0.8 Meters, 0.3 meters wide and 0.2 meters deep. After transplanting, the first seedlings of the basil plant grew slowly and returned to normal growth after 20 days. When the temperature rises in early February, choose sunny transplanting. Before transplanting, fill the surface with water and drain. Then gently insert the base of the seedlings with the index finger and thumb, and gently insert the seedlings into the soil so that the seedlings can stand upright and the soil depth can be 1-2 cm. Planted in double rows with 15-20 cm spacing, 30-40 cm spacing and 7000-8000 strains of 667 m2.
Fifth, cultivation and management. In the early stage, thin fertilizer should be applied, with nitrogen fertilizer as the main factor, to promote the growth of seedlings, and pouring thin human fecal urine or topdressing urea 2-3 times. Every 667 square meters of thin human fecal urine 1500 kg or urea 20 kg should be applied. About 10 cm at the base of the seedlings, do not apply to the base of the seedlings to avoid burning the seedlings. The medium-term stems and leaves a lot of growth, should be topdressing phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, can be applied to 667 square meters topdressing compound fertilizer 20 kilograms, foliar spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 2 times. Once collected once a fertilizer, with Mainly nitrogen fertilizer, with appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.
During the growth and development period of perilla, maintaining a certain amount of moisture in the soil is beneficial to improve the yield and quality. The management of moisture is mainly based on moist surface, the surface of soil is not white, and the water is discharged in rainy days. When the seedling grows to 10-20 cm, we should do a loose soil weeding. After combining with irrigation and fertilization, we will carry out several cultivators to keep the soil loose and weed free.
The main pests are larvae of the noctuid moths, which are generally sprayed with low pyrethroid pesticides or biopesticides. Rust can easily occur during harvesting, and 50% thiophanate WP 800 times solution or carbendazim 1000 times solution can be used for foliar spraying, and the safety of medication can be used.
Six, timely harvest. Perilla stems can only be harvested when their stem length is appropriate. Generally, in the early March, the main stem of the plant is more than 40 cm high, and the 4-leaf-hearted shoots with stem length of 5-6 cm are collected and dried in a cool place to be processed and sold.
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